A child’s life after birth and development week by week for first-time parents. A child from birth to one year: stages of development by month How a newborn baby grows by month

How is my baby developing? Does everything comply with the standards, are there any deviations? I think that I will not be mistaken if I say that these questions are now worrying you too.

You go through this with every child: where can you find out the norms of baby development? Growth of newborns by month? Child weight gain? Number of first teeth? In order to have as few reasons for worry as possible, today let’s look at the growth of a newborn month by month.

Parameters of the child at birth

After the baby is born, the first thing that awaits him is getting to know you, being put to the breast for the first time, and measuring his weight and height. The optimal weight is 2500-3800 g, and height should “fit” into the parameters of 48-55 cm.

Once the baby is measured, the result is compared with a newborn growth chart , and also calculate the so-called Quetelet I index.

Despite the complex name, it is calculated quite simply:

1. take the weight of the newborn (for example, 3600 g);
2. divide it by height (say, 52 cm), we get 69.23;
3. we compare it with the average value of the Quetelet I index (60-70) and understand that the newborn “fits” into the WHO standards that are established for healthy children.

Important! The Quetelet I index is calculated only for children who were born at term. If your baby was born a little earlier than expected, then the indicators will differ from the norm.

The average height for girls is 49 cm, for boys – 50 cm.

Baby's growth: what affects it

Growth is one of the indicators of a child’s good health and proper development. But why is it higher for some children than for others, even if they were born at the same time? There are different reasons for this:

• hereditary factor: a child of tall parents is more likely to be taller than his peers;
• proper nutrition, balanced in vitamins and microelements, is the key to ensuring that the baby’s body receives everything that is most important for growth;
• absence of congenital diseases of the newborn that may interfere with normal development.

According to WHO experts, in the first year of life a baby should “grow” by about 25 cm, while he develops well physically and mentally. You can read about other parameters of the development of a child up to one year in the article: Child development by month up to one year >>>

What is his ideal height?

Of course, you want your baby to grow “correctly”: all the parameters are “by the book”, but there are exceptions to the rules. So , The WHO table on the growth of a newborn child indicates that if the height of a girl at birth is less than 43.6 cm, and a boy is 44.2 cm, then these are very low figures. Too “tall” girls are born at least 54.7 cm, and boys - 55.6 cm. There is no need to panic. There are objective reasons for such exceptions.

Know! As a rule, situations that require increased attention are taken under the control of medical specialists who independently monitor the dynamics of the “non-standard” child’s centimeters.

Yes, and you yourself can observe your child at monthly appointments with the pediatrician, when the children are weighed and measured. To do this, you can simply take a ready-made table that shows the baby’s growth by month and compare it with the indicators of your child.

How to measure a child's height yourself?

In order to find out the growth dynamics of a newborn in the first year of life, it is not necessary to wait for the next trip to the clinic. At home, you can also measure the child (which is not at all difficult), and then look at the growth chart of the newborn by month to find out if everything is in order. So, the algorithm of actions is as follows:

1. We place the child on any hard, flat surface, for example, a table;
2. Make sure that the newborn's head rests against the wall;
3. Straighten one leg, foot at an angle of 90° to the surface;
4. We put a mark with chalk or a pencil, and then measure the length from it to the wall.

Let's look at the table and compare the results:

Height and weight chart*

* - Data are presented according to the charts of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Is my child growing and developing correctly? The doctor said that in a month he had grown by 1.5 centimeters and added 560 grams... But what do these numbers mean? Is this the norm? Or is the child under/overweight, or maybe he is shorter than his peers?

These questions constantly worry parents, especially those who have very tiny children. After all, in the first year the baby grows and develops especially quickly, and compliance with all indicators and standards at this age is very important. But very often, this information literally “cannot be pulled out with pincers” from the local pediatrician. Therefore, parents have to act independently and obtain invaluable graphs and tables of indicators of development, weight, height, etc. by oneself. That's exactly what happened to me. I must say that I spent quite a lot of time, but I received the treasured data. Now I’m sharing them!

Newborn

Considered normal for a newborn baby weight from 2,600 kg. up to 4 kilograms and height 45 to 56 cm. The head circumference of newborns is 2 -5 cm larger than the chest circumference, and is approximately 34 -35 cm (the head circumference is measured with a measuring tape positioned at the back at the level of the occipital protuberance, and in front - above the eyebrows).

Average rates of weight gain and height by month for children in the first year of life

In the first 3 months, the child grows especially rapidly.

IN first month, the baby grows 3 cm and gains 600-700 grams of weight. Head circumference increases by an average of 3 cm.

Behind second month, height increases by 2.5 - 3 cm, and weight by 800 - 900 grams. Head circumference increases by an average of 2 cm.

Behind third month, the baby’s height increases by another 2.5-3 cm, and he gains 700-800 grams in weight. Head circumference increases by an average of 1 cm.

After the first three months of life, the baby's growth rate will slow down a little, but not very much.

Behind fourth month the baby will grow by 2 - 2.5 cm and gain 600 - 700 grams. Head circumference will increase by 1 cm.

Behind fifth month, the baby will grow by approximately 2 cm and gain 600 - 700 grams in weight. Head circumference will increase by 1 cm.

Behind sixth month, the child will stretch 1.5 - 2 cm and gain approximately 650 grams. Head circumference will increase by 1 cm.

At the age of three to five months, the circumference of the child's head and chest are compared. After this age, the chest begins to grow faster and outstrips the growth of the baby's head. If this does not happen, the doctor may suspect the presence of a pathology. At six months, the average baby's head circumference is 43 cm.

Behind seventh month the baby will grow by 1.5 -2 cm and gain about 600 grams. Head circumference will increase by 1 cm.

Behind eighth month The baby's height will increase by approximately 2 cm and weight by 500 - 550 grams.

Your head circumference will increase by only 0.8 cm.

Behind ninth month, the baby will grow by 1.5 - 2 cm, and the weight will increase by 450 - 500 grams. Head circumference will increase by 0.5 cm.

Compared to the rate at which the baby grew and gained weight in the first three months, after 10 months, it grows almost 2 times slower.

Behind tenth month, the baby grows approximately 1.5 cm and gains 400 - 450 grams. Head circumference increases by 0.2 cm.

Behind eleventh month the child will stretch 1.5 cm and gain 350-400 grams. Head circumference will increase by 0.2 cm.

Behind twelfth month the baby will grow by 1.5 cm and gain about 350 grams. Head circumference will increase by 0.2 cm.

On average, a child grows by 25 centimeters per year, and at one year old, his height is 72 - 76 centimeters. He weighs about 10 kilograms, and his head circumference is 46 -47 cm.

When should the fontanel close?

There are lateral fontanelles, a small, or posterior, fontanel (between the parietal and occipital bones) and a large, or anterior, fontanel (between the parietal and frontal bones). In healthy children, the sutures between the bones of the skull are usually palpable only during the first month of life. Lateral fontanelles close in the first days of life or even before birth. The small fontanel in 80% of full-term children is also closed at the time of birth, and in the rest it closes by 3 months. The large fontanelle is open, as a rule, in all newborns; its normal dimensions are usually 3x3 cm. Normally, the large fontanelle closes between the ages of one and a half years. However, recently, children have been accelerating, so the fontanelle often closes much earlier, sometimes as early as 10 months.

Physical development of the baby

Every child should start doing physical exercises from 1.5-2 months of age. By this time, the baby’s body adapts to environmental conditions - a certain lifestyle is established, the process of thermoregulation is improved.

What should a baby be able to do and when?

• At 2 months - hold your head well;
• at 3 months - rolls over well from back to tummy;
• at 5.5-6 months - rolls over well from tummy to back;
• at 6 months - sitting, but not yet sitting down independently;
• at 7.5 months (when the child learns to crawl well) - sits up on his own;
• at 9 months - well worth;
• at 10 months - can walk along the playpen or sofa, holding on with his hand;
• by 12 months - walks independently.

When should the first tooth emerge?

A baby's first tooth usually appears between six and eight months. First, 2 lower and middle incisors appear, then 2 upper, and by 10 months, 2 upper lateral incisors appear. By the age of one year, 2 lower lateral incisors erupt. Thus, at 1 year of life, a child should have 8 teeth - 4 upper and 4 lower. If a baby has at least 1 tooth at one year of age, usually there is no talk of any pathology. It's all about individual, most often hereditary, characteristics. But consulting a dentist, of course, won't hurt. By the 20th month, fangs usually erupt, and by the thirtieth month, the formation of the baby’s primary bite is gradually completed.

So, there is a happy event in your family - a child was born. From now on, he has a long way to go from a tiny lump to an almost conscious one-year-old baby. No matter how fast he develops, he will learn a lot in the first 12 months and will never learn everything at that speed again. (the baby learns to observe others, smile, coo, roll over, sit on his butt, walk, play and much, much more...). It is not always clear to young mothers whether the baby has problems in development or, on the contrary, it is advancing ahead of schedule. Purpose of the article— tell what changes happen to your child in each of the 12 months of his first year, what the baby learns in the first year of his life and how he perceives the world around him.

Each baby, just like an adult, is individual and each child develops individually, but something common in the development of newborn children occurs in the same way.

Monthly development calendar

First month

A difficult month for young mothers. The first month of a newborn’s life is usually called the adaptation period. Almost 70% of the time he sleeps. Sleep is very important for a baby. In a dream he grows ( On average, in the first month a child grows 2-3 cm.), and the body gets used to the new environment. During wakefulness, he randomly waves his arms clenched into fists and legs bent at the knee. Towards the end of the first month, the child is already able to hold his head briefly, focus his gaze on bright toys, the faces of adults, make vowel sounds and listen to the conversation of others.

Pediatricians consider it important to attach the baby to the mother's breast in the first two hours of life. They believe that at this time “emotional contact” is created between the baby and mother. This is when the mother begins to feel the baby from a distance, his feelings, needs.

Nutrition is very important during this period of a child’s life. On average, in the first month a child gains about 600-700 grams of weight. Under no circumstances should you rush your child during feeding. After all, when he feeds on his mother’s milk, he also enjoys the warmth and care of his mother at that moment.

At birth, a child has innate reflexes, thanks to which he adapts to the environment. But during the first months of life, some of them disappear. These reflexes include the reflex:

• Sucking (touching the tongue on an object);
• Swimming (if you put his stomach on the water, he will make swimming movements);
• Grasping (touching his hand, he squeezes it into a fist);
• Search (search for mother's breast);
• Walking reflex (if you hold a child, he begins to move his legs as if he were walking) and many others.

The following reflexes remain with the child throughout his life: blinking, sneezing, yawning, flinching, etc.

It is by reflexes that pediatricians and child psychologists determine the condition and development of the child’s nervous system. .

And mothers in the first month of a child’s life need to surround him not only with warmth, care, safety, but also to accustom him to the day-night regime by the end of the first month.

In the first two weeks, do not forget to treat your baby’s umbilical wound ().

• Weight gain is approximately 600-700 grams, height gain is 2-3 cm.
• Eats every 2 hours, at night on average 3-5 times.
• Sleeps a lot, stays awake 2-4 hours a day.
• Actions are still reflexive.
• The movements are chaotic, the fists are clenched.
• When a child lies on his stomach, he tries to raise his head.
• The main way of communicating with the world is crying. This is how the child makes it clear that he is hungry, that he has a wet diaper, that something hurts, or that he just wants attention. The child may whine or grunt, which is how he also tells his mother about discomfort.
• Able to fix his gaze on stationary objects for some time - his mother’s face or a hanging toy.
• Reacts to loud and sharp sounds - bells, toys, bells. He may listen, shudder and even cry.
• Recognizes mother's voice and smell and reacts to them.
• If you communicate with the child all the time, then by the end of 1 month his own “speech” will begin to appear - humming, or cooing.

Second month

The second month of a child’s development can be called a period of “revival.” During this period, he not only looks at your face, but can also discern your emotional state. Are you smiling at him or, on the contrary, are you angry, calm or sad? And when you approach his crib, the baby begins to wave his arms and legs chaotically. In the second month of life, the child holds his head more confidently. Towards the end of the second month, the child should gain 800 grams in weight, and his height should increase by another 3 cm.

• He grew by 3 cm, the weight gain ranged from 700 g to 1 kg.
• Becomes more active - stays awake for an average of 15-20 minutes per hour. May confuse day with night and want to play and communicate when parents are sleeping.
• Able to lift and hold the head for a short time.
• He spreads his arms to the sides, turns over from his side to his back.
• He actively hums, as if singing the sounds “a”, “o”, “u”, combinations of “aha”, “agu”, “bu”.
• Demonstrates a “revitalization complex.” It manifests itself in a wide smile, stretching out arms and legs to mother and actively moving them, humming.
• Soothes during sucking and in hands.
• He can follow an object with his gaze, carefully monitor approaching or receding objects, and turn his head towards the source of sound.
• Coordination of movements improves. The child can spread his limbs to the sides, he has already found his hands and explores them with pleasure - examining them, sucking his fingers.
• The hands are clenched into fists, but you can straighten the baby’s palms and put a rattle there, he will try to hold it.
• The first attempts to reach the object appear.
• Vision improves, the child begins to distinguish colors, and the first understanding appears that the world is full of colors.
• The newborn's reflexes fade.

Third month

By the third month, the baby holds his head more confidently. Can rest on his forearms if placed on his tummy. It is important to turn him over on his tummy more often during this period, this will help him get rid of the gases that have formed in the stomach and help strengthen the muscles of his neck and back. And also do not let him lie on his side for a long time, this can lead to curvature of the spine.

During this period, the child looks more intently at bright toys. Can talk to himself, make not only single vowel sounds, but also consonants. Becomes more curious about the things and events around him. He himself sticks the pacifier out of his mouth, and then tries to put it back.

By the end of the third month, the child should gain about 800 grams in weight and 3 cm in height. The period between sleep can be 1-1.5 hours. Be sure to surround him with care and warmth. Talk to him more often, hug him, kiss him, take him in your arms and walk around the room with him.

• Height - increase 3-3.5 cm. Weight - increase 750 g.
• Night sleep lengthens, daytime sleep shortens.
• Lying on his stomach, the child holds his head for 20-25 seconds, in an upright position for up to 15 seconds, and easily turns it in different directions.
• He turns to one side from his back and tries to lean on his elbows when lying on his stomach.
• Smiles, recognizes loved ones, hums, “sings” during communication.
• Becomes more emotional, knows how to laugh out loud, and parodies the facial expressions of his parents.
• Knows how to scream and cry to express dissatisfaction and demand attention. Observant parents may even notice the first manifestations of their baby's character.
• Easily recognizes light and sound sources.
• If the mother holds the child above a hard surface, he pushes off from the support and, as it were, “bounces” and kicks his legs.
• The palms are already straightened, the baby pulls his hands towards the offered toy and tries to grab it, tries to hit the rattle located above him. He will definitely put a toy in his hands and put it in his mouth.
• The baby has already found his legs and is trying to explore his face with his hands.
• Movements generally become voluntary.

Fourth month

By the fourth month, the baby can confidently hold his head up. Reacts and turns around to sound. Lying on his tummy, he can lean on his arms and straighten them. Can independently reach for a toy, grab it, examine it closely, and taste it. Identify your mother from other people.

• Height + 2.5 cm, weight + 700 g.
• Rolls over from back to stomach, holds his head well and turns it to the sides, confidently supports his body on his elbows when lying on his stomach.
• Makes the first attempts to sit up, raises the upper body.
• Crawling on his stomach in a crib or on a rug.
• Voluntarily grabs and holds a toy with one or two hands, tastes it.
• The child gets his favorite toys.
• Makes the first conscious manipulations with objects: knocking, throwing.
• Supports breast or bottle when feeding.
• The babbling gradually begins to be replaced by babbling, the first syllables appear - “ma”, “ba”, “pa”.
• Fixes gaze and closely follows moving objects.
• He looks at his reflection in the mirror.
• When communicating, the child gives preference to his mother and is capricious, even if she has left only for a short time.
• Distinguishes between friends and strangers, actively smiles, laughs, and can even squeal with delight.
• Reacts to music - calms down when he hears it and listens carefully.
• Reacts when his name is spoken.

Fifth month

This is a new leap in the development of your child. During this period, he can already roll over on his own. Some people at this age try to sit on their butts. Crawling on the floor or crib tummy. They are trying to get to their feet. It is very important to hold the baby by the armpits and teach him to walk. In order to train the leg muscles and relieve him in the future from flat feet and “bouncing” while walking. The child can already clearly identify people close to him from strangers. He makes sounds more confidently, although not yet consciously. Teach him to pronounce the simplest words, such as dad, mom, grandpa, grandma. On average, during the fifth month your child will gain about 2.5 cm in height and about 700 grams in weight.

• Height +2.5, weight + 700 g.
• He knows how to roll over from his back to his stomach and back, rests on his palms, confidently holds his head in an upright position, and looks around.
• Can sit with support for some time.
• An important sign of normal development of the nervous system is the distinction between friends and strangers. A child may be wary when a stranger appears, will be reluctant to go into his arms, may get scared and cry loudly. He prefers to be in his parents' arms.
• He himself encourages parents to communicate, reaches out to his mother, smiles, babbles, pronounces the first syllables. If there is not enough communication, the child becomes capricious.
• Willingly plays with objects - pulls them towards him, throws them, knocks, licks them.
• Plays while eating.
• Some children suck their toes.
• He looks at the faces in the pictures with interest.
• Most children are starting to teethe.

Sixth month

At this age, the child can already distinguish his name from another name. He can sit on his butt without help, although he still cannot squat on his own. Confidently holds toys in his hands, transfers them from one hand to another. Lying on his tummy, he can pull up his legs and try to get on all fours. Learns to pronounce individual syllables: pa-pa, ma-ma.

Note to moms!

Hello girls) I didn’t think that the problem of stretch marks would affect me too, and I’ll also write about it))) But there’s nowhere to go, so I’m writing here: How did I get rid of stretch marks after childbirth? I will be very glad if my method helps you too...

Many people at this age begin to feed their child a variety of foods. Just try not to give him salty and sweet foods, because... the kidneys and intestines are not yet developed enough for this. Consult your doctor about what foods you can give your baby at this age.

• Height +2.5 cm, weight +700g.
• Sits independently and sits for a while.
• He crawls “on his bellies” and is able to crawl to a toy lying 10-20 cm from him.
• Gets on all fours and rocks back and forth. This is an important indicator - this is how the child prepares for full crawling.
• Tilts and turns in different directions.
• Drinks from a mug if you hold it, plays with food.
• Picks up fallen objects, moves a toy from hand to hand or from one box to another.
• He studies with interest and can break surrounding objects.
• Simple cause-and-effect relationships are formed: pushed an object - it fell, pressed a button - the music turned on.
• He looks at the large object that his mother is talking about.
• The child is very emotional, his mood constantly changes, he screams when he is dissatisfied and laughs loudly when they play with him.
• Enjoys playing peek-a-boo and can clap his hands.
• Listens attentively to human speech and reproduces sounds and syllables, actively babbles. The consonants “z”, “s”, “v”, “f” appear.

Seventh month

By the seventh month, the child already becomes restless. He can easily roll on his own from his back to his tummy or to his side. He distinguishes objects and if you ask him, for example, to say where the watch is, he will turn his head a little to the sides and show it. With the help of others, he can walk and crawl independently, mainly backwards. He hits toys against each other, throws them and watches with concentration as they fall to the floor or hit the wall, often smiling at the same time.

Children at this age love to swim, as they already sit confidently and can play with toys. Therefore, it is necessary to accustom him to bathing during this period. Tell what part of the body is called what and then ask him to show and name them. So that he remembers what they are called.

In terms of diet, it will be useful to give a child at this age some cottage cheese and meat to replenish the supply of calcium in the body, for its further growth and to speed up the process of teething. Potassium, for normal heart function and protein, for muscle growth.

At this age, try to keep the floor, toys, and objects that the child can grab clean. Because at this age he will taste them, i.e. Everything he comes across will be shoved into his mouth.

By the end of the seventh month, the child should gain an average of about 550-600 grams in weight and 2 cm in height.

• Height +2 cm, weight + 600 g.
• Sits confidently, holds his back straight, sometimes leans on his hand.
• The skill of crawling appears or improves; some children crawl backwards.
• Removes food from spoon, drinks from a mug with support.
• He stands at the support himself and is able to stand for some time.
• He loves to “walk” when his mother supports him under the arms or by the arms.
• Grasping movements are improved and fine motor skills of the hands develop. The child is delighted with finger games - “Magpie-Crow”, “Ladushki”.
• He enjoys studying the properties of surrounding objects: he knocks them, shakes them, throws them on the floor, disassembles them, breaks them, puts them in his mouth. Can hold a toy in each hand and bang them together.
• Shows where his eyes, nose, mouth, ears are, examines himself with his hands and mouth.
• Begins to copy the behavior of adults.
• Actively babbles, sings the sounds “ta”, “da”, “ma”, “na”, “ba”, “pa”, onomatopoeia “av-av”, “kva-kva” and others appear.
• He enjoys looking at pictures in books and flipping through the pages.
• Determines by tone of voice what “no” means.

Eighth month

At this age, the main thing is not to leave one child alone at the top. Since he can already move independently and sit down. Looks at new toys with interest. Can identify mom and dad from strangers from photographs. Can understand the game “okay” or the well-known “peek-a-boo”. If you ask him to wave his hand, he will wave it at you with pleasure. A little begins to understand what is being asked of him. Tries to eat on his own.

• Height +2 cm, weight +600 g.
• He is very attached to his mother, even a short separation is very painful, and is wary of strangers.
• He sits, stands up, walks with side steps at the support and forward, holding hands.
• Moves freely in familiar spaces.
• Can carry out simple tasks - bring, show.
• Actions with objects become correlative: the child covers the jars with lids, strings the rings of the pyramid.
• The range of emotions expands, you can notice dissatisfaction, surprise, joy, delight, perseverance.
• The first conscious words appear - “mom”, “dad”, “give”.
• The vocabulary is actively growing, new babbling sounds and words are constantly appearing.
• He loves to listen to music, dance to it, clap his hands and stomp his feet.

Ninth month

By grabbing onto a nearby chair, sofa or playpen, the child can get up and move independently, holding on to them. He falls, cries and gets back up. During this period, the child learns to walk independently. Likes to repeat words after adults, or rather syllables. Can already drink from a cup held by an adult.

• Height +2 cm, weight +600 g.
• Gets up from a sitting position, sits down from a lying position, stands and walks with support. Tries to climb onto the sofa, chair, armchair, and open drawers.
• Unfolds while crawling.
• Knows where to put toys and where mom put this or that item away. He wants to get everything that surrounds him.
• He actively shows emotions towards his parents - he is dissatisfied and breaks out when his mother cleans his ears or cuts his nails, he gets scared if he has lost sight of his mother.
• Tries to manipulate adults by screaming and crying.
• He tries to eat himself with a spoon and shows his first independence in dressing.
• Fine motor skills are improved - the child can pick up small objects and put his fingers into holes. He can crush a piece of plasticine and tear paper.
• Remembers the names of objects and can show them.
• Repeats the actions of adults and can carry out some instructions. Likes to do everything in public, repeats the action if asked.
• Knows the meaning of the words “lie down”, “give”, “go”, “sit”.
• Speech is actively developing. The child’s own “language” is formed, understandable only to close people.

Tenth month

At this age, the child imitates adults and animals with his movements. Can play with toys independently and confidently holds them in his hands. He can leaf through books with his fingers. With the help of adults, he can play with other children. He understands when he is told “no”.

• Height +1 cm, weight +350 g.
• Sits from a standing position, quickly crawls, can stand without support and tries to walk.
• Loves to dance, stomp, clap.
• Small finger movements become more perfect, the child holds two or three small objects in one hand.
• Performs complex actions: opens and closes, hides, takes away.
• Repeats movements and reproduces facial expressions of adults.
• Uses mostly one hand.
• He understands what needs to be done with objects - he rolls a car, pushes a tumbler, assembles a pyramid, builds towers from two or three cubes.
• Likes to put objects into each other, drag them from place to place.
• More interested in small objects than large ones.
• Finds logical connections - for example, he can move a car with a stick or a slipper.
• He can show parts of his face, his mother’s, or a doll’s.
• Can pronounce the names of surrounding objects and animals.

Eleventh month

This is practically an “adult child”. He moves independently with support, sits, crawls, and stands up. Understands simple requests. Can name most objects. He is learning to pronounce his first words, albeit with intonation for now.

• Height +1 cm, weight +350 g.
• Moves actively, sits, stands up, lies down, can walk a short distance without support.
• Tries to show independence - eats with a spoon, drinks from a mug, puts on socks and shoes.
• He reacts very vividly to a new toy, to an unfamiliar environment, to strangers.
• Understands strict speech. He knows what “impossible” is, understands from his mother’s reaction whether he did good or bad.
• Loves praise.
• He babbles a lot and communicates in his own “language”, clearly says the words “mom”, “dad”, “baba”.
• Uses different means of expressing his desires, except for crying - he points his finger, moves his gaze.
• Waves goodbye.
• Nods affirmatively or shakes his head negatively.
• Loves musical toys and bright illustrations in books.
• Grabs beads or beans with index finger and thumb.

Twelfth month

At almost one year of age, in most cases, the child already begins to walk independently without support and stand. They actively participate in the process of feeding, bathing and dressing. Shows feeling care for toys. Feeds them and puts them to bed. Repeats sounds he hears on the street, on TV or at home. Begins to pronounce the first words. True, these words are not always clear to everyone. But those who listen carefully to the child will understand them.

• Height +1 cm, weight +350 g.
• Stands, gets up from a squatting position, walks independently.
• Steps over obstacles and crouches to pick up an object from the floor.
• Actively participates in everything that concerns him - dressing, washing hands, brushing teeth.
• Uses a spoon, drinks from a mug, and knows how to chew solid food.
• Food addictions are clearly manifested - the baby does not eat if he does not like the food.
• Needs parents and is attached to his toys. The absence of mom or dad is painful.
• Assembles and disassembles toys; if you need to free your hand, you put the object under your arm or in your mouth.
• Knows how to use objects - a telephone, a hammer, a broom.
• Looks for an object, even if he did not see where it was placed.
• He understands everything that is said to him.
• He talks about his desires - “give”, “na”, calls mom, dad, grandma. A child’s vocabulary per year is 10-15 words.

All the above indicators are conditional. The development of a child depends on many factors - heredity, living conditions, and social environment. Get joy from communicating with your baby, praise him for his successes and don’t be upset if he hasn’t learned something yet. Everything has its time. Your child is the best, and it is in your power to help him become a harmonious, developed little person.

Summarized:

The development of a child in one year is very rapid. In just 365 days, a child turns from a tiny person who can’t do anything and doesn’t know anything into a reasonable one. At 1 year old, he can already walk, sit down, stand up, eat, drink, play, speak, feel and understand on his own. The main thing is to protect the child with care and love at this time. Never swear in front of your child. Even though he is small, he still feels and understands everything. Raise your children healthy, smart and strong!

Height and weight gain chart

Open table

Greetings, dear readers! All parents strive for their children to grow up healthy and develop normally. But how can you tell if everything is okay with your baby? Doctors recommend focusing on such important indicators as the child’s weight and height by month. Compliance with the standards proposed by WHO on the basis of research, doctors determine the degree of full term of the baby and the quality of its further development.

World Health Organization, or WHO in the period 1997-2003. conducted a number of studies on the development of children under one year old, as well as a parallel analysis of the height and weight of children aged 1.5 to 6 years. The focus of the world organization was not only on indicators, but also on their ratios and monthly increases.

Why was such a global study needed? The latest data on indicators of physical development of children were recorded back in the 70s. 20th century. Since then, not only the rhythm and lifestyle of people has changed, but also the nature of infant feeding.

If during the Soviet period most babies were bottle-fed, then with the improvement of working conditions for nursing women and the opportunity to receive paid leave after childbirth for 1.5 years, more and more babies are now breastfed, which is otherwise reflected in the increase in body weight and length.

Data collection was carried out in different countries and ethnic groups: European countries, the USA, India, Brazil, Oman, etc. The study showed that each nation has its own parameters, therefore, to derive the average value of length and weight, for example, for European and Indian children, it is forbidden.

What do the values ​​depend on?

Mothers who have at least once had a monthly check-up with their babies at the clinic know that the nurse not only measures and records indicators, but also pays attention to associated development factors:

• past viral and infectious diseases;
• presence of dehydration;
• teething;
• presence of appetite;
• conditions of education.

They have a temporary effect on physical development, which can be corrected in the future.

However, there are other factors that the mother or doctors cannot or can hardly influence:

• gender of the child;
• genetic features (if dad and mom are tall, the baby will also be tall);
• degree of term, as well as initial height and weight at birth;
• nature of nutrition (natural or artificial);
• presence of congenital diseases;
• mobility;
• ecological situation;
• the nature of the pregnancy (did the mother smoke, drink alcohol, etc.);
• the amount of somatotropic hormone produced, which is responsible for the growth of tubular bones (since most of the hormone is released at night, sleep disturbances in a child can cause growth retardation).

Good care, regular breastfeeding, adequate sleep, physical activity and outdoor exercise speed up children's growth. In turn, insufficient care and poor environmental conditions do not have the best effect on physical development.

To check whether your baby is developing normally, you do not have to rush to the clinic. Parents can take measurements themselves, based on generally accepted development standards and calculation formulas.

Child growth by months

Child growth standards depend, first of all, on the child’s gender, so WHO has created separate tables with average indicators for girls and boys. Depending on the age of the baby, the ratio of length and weight of the body, as well as the increase, will also differ.

First year

The table shows approximate growth indicators for babies at birth and up to one year; you can also track how many centimeters the child will grow within a month.

Children under one year old are characterized by a special change in indicators, and every month of life during this period is significant. But before you take measurements and count, you should make sure that your baby meets the indicators of a full-term baby:

• The birth took place at 38-40 weeks of pregnancy.
• Height is at least 45 cm with a weight of 2.5 kg.
• Head circumference – from 34 to 36 cm.
• Body parts are proportional.
• The skin is smooth and delicate.
• Hair length from 1 cm.
• Clear rhythmic pulse.
• Developed sucking reflex (you can read in my article).

If a baby was born premature, there are separate height and weight indicators for him depending on what week of pregnancy he was born. Here is a table of the height and weight of a premature baby:

Features of growth increase in the first year of life are as follows:

• On average, the baby gains 3 cm over a monthly period.
• The total increase in the first year of life should be at least 25 cm. Thus, the normal figure for a one-year-old baby is from 74 to 76 cm.
• Children grow more rapidly in the first months after birth, after which this process slows down. So, in the first 3 months the increase will be 3.5 cm per month, from 3 to six months - 3-2.5 cm, from 7 to 9 - about 1.5 cm, from 9 to one year - 1 cm.
• It is not only the overall increase in height that is important, but also its relationship to the weight and proportionality of body parts.

For doctors, the indicator of normal development of a baby is not so much its height as its head circumference. If the head is large and disproportionate to the body, doctors may suspect a disease such as hydrocephalus, an accumulation of fluid in the brain.

From 2 to 17 years

When a baby turns one year old, parents, as a rule, pay little attention to how much his growth is within normal limits. However, before the onset of puberty, this indicator is no less important than in the first months of life.

After a year, children's growth begins to slow down. Up to 2 years of age, the baby grows by an average of 9-12 cm, depending on gender and other factors. Until the age of 5 years, his height will increase by only 20-22 cm.

By the age of 10, the average height of a boy is 138-139 cm. From 11 to 17 years, during puberty, the growth of girls slows down, and in boys, on the contrary, it increases after 12-13 years. By the age of 17, the average for a girl will be 155-160 cm, for a boy - 166-171 cm.

How to determine a child's height?

To determine how tall your baby is under one year old, you will need a measuring tape or meter ruler:

1. Place the baby on the crib so that the back of his head rests on a hard surface.
2. Extend your legs and place your feet at a 90-degree angle.
3. Mark where the heels end.
4. Raise the child and measure the distance from the mark to a hard surface.

If the child can already stand, to measure his height, place him near the wall so that his heels touch a hard surface. Then take a hard ruler and place it on the child's head so that it forms a right angle with the wall. Make a mark where they touch and measure the distance from the floor to the mark.

After measuring your child's height, be sure to pay attention to his weight.

Baby's weight by month

WHO strongly recommends that parents pay attention not only to the height and proportionality of body parts, but also to weight gain. Many parents believe that the more a baby weighs before one year, the better. But this statement is fundamentally wrong. Unhealthy obesity can affect both teenagers and infants, especially those who are formula-fed.

Up to a year

For children under one year old, the weight norm is determined by month, and it should be taken into account that bottle-fed children gain weight much faster:

• 1 month. During this time, the child gains on average about 0.6 kg. To maintain normal developmental indicators, it is ideal if the mother feeds the baby every 3 hours. The volume of mixture consumed ranges from 80 to 120 ml per feeding.
• 2 month. During this period, the increase will be about 0.7-0.8 kg. The intervals between feedings can be increased to 3.5 hours. If in the future you decide to wean your baby from feeding at night, keep in mind that his weight will begin to decrease.
• 3 month. An increase of 0.8 kg is maintained. The intervals between feedings remain, but it is worth considering that up to 3 months the baby is bothered by intestinal colic, so appetite may decrease.
• 4 month. The child gains an average of 0.75 kg, and further indicators will decrease.
• 5 month. By the end of the fifth month, the baby already weighs 0.7 kg more.
• 6 month. In six months, Baby gains 0.65 kg. During this period, complementary foods in the form of vegetable purees begin to be introduced, which can replace one feeding.
• 7 month. Body weight increases by 0.6 kg. At seven months of age, babies can be given gluten-free porridge in the morning.
• 8 months. Weight gain is about 0.55 kg. The baby's menu includes a variety of vegetables, lean meat, cereals, and egg yolk.
• 9 months . The weight gain is half a kilogram. Purees from several components and fermented milk products appear on the menu.
• 10 months . The baby weighs 0.4 kg more than last month. He already tolerates fresh fruit well. You can add butter or vegetable oil to porridge.
• 11 months. Weight increases by 0.4 kg. You can include low-fat fish in the menu.
• 12 months . The weight increase occurs by 0.35-0.4 kg.

The following chart will help you determine if your baby is developing normally:

• For the first half of the year. Multiply 800 by the number of months for the calculation period and add the weight of the baby at the time of birth.
• In the second half of the year. M+800×6+400x(N-6), where M is the birth weight, N is the number of months.

After a year

In the future, not only the indicators prescribed by WHO will be important for girls and boys, but also the body mass index, which shows whether the weight is insufficient, normal or excessive. To determine your mass index, you need to divide your body weight by your height.

Based on the indicators proposed by WHO, one must take into account that they are averaged, and minor fluctuations in one direction or another are acceptable. Parents need to sound the alarm if weight values ​​are significantly underestimated or overestimated.

If the levels are low, it is recommended to reconsider your diet and daily activity. For example, if until the age of 5 the child steadily gained weight, and by the age of 6 he began to lose weight sharply, the changes may be associated with preparation for school and a stressful state, a violation of the usual daily routine.

For infants up to one year old, vomiting, leading to dehydration, can be a dangerous phenomenon. The problem may arise due to improper nutrition, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system. In this case, you should definitely see a doctor.

In adolescence, boys, as a rule, experience pronounced thinness associated with intensive growth. Girls should eat more plant foods, since during the period of hormonal maturation there is a high probability of becoming obese.

Deviations from normal body weight at any age in a child should be a signal for parents that it is time to sound the alarm and seek help from doctors if you cannot help the baby on your own.

The first thing happy parents tell their family and friends is the gender, height and weight of the newborn. “A son was born, 52 cm, 3.5 kg”, or: “We have a girl, 3000 g, 50 cm” - these are the most common words spoken on the phone or written in SMS messages about their child. The doctor first enters the same parameters into the newborn’s health history. Why are the numbers of a child’s height and weight so important for doctors and parents?

Newborn

Height, body weight, and head and chest circumference are the main indicators with which doctors evaluate the physical development of a newborn child. Low or, conversely, high weight, the ratio of head and chest circumference, and the baby’s height are not just dry numbers; they can be used to suggest or exclude some diseases of the newborn. Then, when the child grows up, based on these parameters, pediatricians will monitor his health, give advice on feeding, regimen, and make some prescriptions.

That is why, as soon as the child is born, he is immediately measured, weighed and this data is entered into the medical record. Then, in the first year of life, the child’s height, weight, chest and head circumference should be measured once a month, since the baby is growing very rapidly at this time.

The following are considered normal for a newborn:
Height: from 46 to 56 cm
Weight: from 2600 to 4000 g
Head circumference: 34-36 cm
Chest circumference: 32-34 cm

What affects a child's weight gain?

How a child will gain weight and grow in length depends on hereditary data, on his nutrition and on the quality of life in general. At the same time, heredity greatly affects the growth of the child - if mom and dad are tall, then the height of their son or daughter will most likely also be the same. But the main role in weight gain is played by the quality of nutrition - if the baby eats properly, this means that weight gain will be good. And, of course, the quality of a child’s life is of great importance: if he grows up in good living conditions, often spends time in the fresh air (sunbathing is especially important), if he gets a lot of exercise and pays attention to his health, then his growth and weight gain will be consistent normal for his age.

Child growth: increase by month

The height of full-term newborns is usually between 46-56 cm. Boys, as a rule, are longer than girls, but if the parents are tall, then a newborn girl can be significantly taller than the average newborn boy.

What happens to the growth of children in the first year of life? During this period, the child grows most rapidly - by as much as 20-25 cm! In the future there will no longer be such a significant increase in growth.

It is known that the growth of children increases unevenly, in leaps and bounds. For example, there are seasonal and daily dynamics. Many parents notice that during the summer the child stretches out more than at other times of the year. It has also been established that children grow faster at night than during the day.

An interesting fact: those parts of the body that are farthest from the head grow faster (that is, the baby’s foot grows faster than the lower leg, and the lower leg, in turn, faster than the thigh), this is associated with age-related changes in the proportions of the child’s body.

In addition to growth, doctors evaluate other parameters of the newborn. Be sure to measure the circumference of his head and chest. A newly born baby has an average head circumference of 34-36 cm, and a chest circumference of 32-34 cm. The chest and head circumferences, as a rule, become the same by 4 months of life. After this, the chest increases in circumference faster than the head. A one-year-old child has a chest circumference of approximately 48 cm, and a head circumference of approximately 46-47 cm. But these are only average figures: after all, children, just like adults, have different body types and different head shapes - so a slight deviation from the average is possible numbers

Growth increase by month:
1-3 months: 3-3.5 cm monthly (total 9-10.5 cm)
3-6 months: 2.5 cm monthly (total about 7.5 cm)
6-9 months: 1.5-2 cm monthly (total 4.5-6 cm)
9-12 months: 1 cm monthly (total 3 cm)

Child's weight: increase by month

The weight of a newborn can be 2.6-4 kg. Babies born weighing more than 4 kg are considered large. This can be either a feature of the constitution (large parents will have a large child) or evidence of a carbohydrate metabolism disorder in the mother.

An important fact: a child’s body weight upon discharge from the maternity hospital is usually less than that with which he was born - both indicators are recorded in the documents issued to the mother. You should not be afraid of such “weight loss” - this is a natural process called physiological weight loss. It occurs due to the loss of water through the lungs and skin, drying out of the umbilical cord remnant, and the release of urine and meconium (original feces).

Maximum weight loss in most newborns occurs by the 3-5th day and normally amounts to no more than 6-8% of the initial weight. And by the 7-10th day of life, healthy children weigh the same as immediately after birth. If a child loses more than the specified norm or cannot regain the lost grams for a long time, this may indicate an infection or congenital pathology.

In the first year of life, the baby's weight increases the most. There are several ways to calculate weight gain.

For example, in the first half of the year the child should gain at least 600-800 g per month. By 6 months his weight normally doubles. In the second half of life, the rate of weight gain decreases slightly - it increases by 300-550 g per month. This happens due to the fact that the child becomes more mobile: he no longer just lies in the crib, but actively turns over, crawls, sits down, stands up and begins to walk. By the age of one year, the child's weight should triple compared to the original.

Some mothers are very careful about how their baby gains weight. They are ready to weigh their child daily, almost after every feeding, believing that the weight should increase with each meal. You should not waste time on this - the child’s weight, like his height, increases unevenly. It does not happen that every day the baby gains the average grams: over time, the mother will notice that there are periods when the weight is stable or increases slightly, and then suddenly there is a sharp jump.

To control, it is enough to weigh the child once a week, preferably in the same clothes. There are two types of scales for weighing children: mechanical and electronic. Today, electronic scales are more convenient to use - they are lightweight, compact, and mobile. Some models automatically take into account and subtract the weight of the diaper, “remember” previous weighings, can show the dynamics of weight changes and even measure height. If it is not possible to purchase scales, you can get by with a monthly weight measurement at a children's clinic.

After the first year of life, the rate of weight gain (as well as growth) decreases significantly. In ordinary life, a child, and even an adult, will never be able to double or even triple their weight in one year.

Average height and weight at 1 year:
Height 75 cm
Weight 10.5 kg
Chest circumference 48 cm
Head circumference 46-47 cm

Attention to numbers: rate of weight gain

Each person has their own idea of ​​health. So, some parents (as well as grandparents) think that the baby should be a kind of well-fed boletus. And the insufficient, in their opinion, weight and height of the baby leads them to confusion.

In fact, these days there are more and more children with excessive weight gain, and most often this is observed in babies who are bottle-fed. So, some parents, wanting to feed their child more nutritiously, make the mixture more concentrated or increase the number of feedings. As a result, children gain more weight than necessary, which is why many of them lag behind their peers in development - they begin to roll over, crawl, walk later, get sick more often, and are more prone to allergic reactions.

In such a situation, it is necessary to reconsider the child’s diet: strictly observe the number and volume of feedings, then give the baby more fruit and vegetable purees, and limit cereals, crackers, and cookies. It is necessary to do gymnastics with your child and create conditions for physical activity. But one should not go to extremes: insufficient weight gain of the child should also not be ignored. After all, sometimes this can be a symptom of some pathology: for example, anemia or.

When receiving the results of measuring your baby, you need to remember that all children are different, and it is not necessary for every baby to reach the average height and weight by a certain age. It is necessary to take into account height and weight at birth, as well as the rate of increase in these indicators: for example, a newborn with a height of 48 cm and a weight of 2900 g at 1 year can differ significantly in anthropometric indicators from a child born with a height of 55 cm and a weight of 4000 g. And this It’s completely normal – it’s good to have diversity in the world!

Discussion

Our son weighs 9.5 kg at 8 months. Until 8 months I gained 600-800 per month, and for the last one only 300g. I think that due to the fact that I began to actively crawl from 7 months. get up, move. Or I'm wrong?

To figure out if your baby is gaining enough weight, use the formula if your baby is under 6 months old:

M = Mr + 800*K,

where – K – number of months of the child from birth; M is the average weight of the child at this point in life; Mr is the weight of the child at birth.

If the child is from 6 months to 1 year, the calculation is made according to the formula:

M = Mr + 4800 + 400*(K-6).

damn, who writes articles like this? give a table of data and not #### in letters.

Our pediatrician looks at some kind of chart of his own, which says at what age how much he should gain from his initial weight. The weight from the maternity hospital is taken and some figure is added according to the scheme for a given age. That is, it turns out that the scheme is not focused on a specific increase every month. In the first months we gained double the norm, but now we gain 200 grams. But this does not bother the pediatrician, because... according to her scheme, we are still overweight for this age. I don’t know if this is correct?

I have been tormented by the issue of weight gain for a long time. Is there a relationship between birth weight and gains every month? My son was born 4400/61. He was three months old. He is gaining a little. But now at 3 months he has the parameters of a six-month-old child. The pediatrician is sounding the alarm because of the gains

Comment on the article "Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase?"

Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase? In the first months we gained double the norm, but now we gain 200 grams. But this does not bother the pediatrician, because... according to her scheme, we still weigh more. Tell me how much a child should gain in real life, and not according to books.

Weight loss in a newborn. Norms for weight gain and height. Head and chest circumference. Is there a relationship between birth weight and monthly gains? My son was born 4400/61. Like a three-month old Weight loss in a newborn. Norms for weight gain and height.

"Norms" for weight gain in children??? Doctors, clinics. A child from birth to one year. Care and education of a child up to one year: nutrition, illness, development. "Norms" for weight gain in children??? Hello everyone, my baby and I had our first scheduled examination with a therapist.

Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase? What affects a child's weight gain? How a child will gain weight and grow in length depends on hereditary data, on his nutrition and on the quality of life in general. At the same time, heredity has a big impact...

Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase? What affects a child's weight gain? How the baby will gain weight and grow Has not gained weight in a month. The child is not gaining weight. Poor weight gain in the baby. During the second, third month – 150 -200...

Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase? Child growth: increase by month. The height of full-term newborns is usually between 46–56 cm. Boys, as a rule, are longer than girls, but if the parents are tall...

Height and weight. Please post the link if anyone has it. Height-to-weight ratio in children under one year of age. Weight loss in a newborn. Norms for weight gain and height. Small or, conversely, large weight, the ratio of head and chest circumference, the baby’s height are not just dry...

Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase? Height and weight of the child at birth and in the first year of life. Weight loss in a newborn. The norm for a newborn is: Height: from 46 to 56 cm Weight: from 2600 to 4000 g Head circumference: 34–36 cm Chest circumference...

Weight loss in a newborn. Norms for weight gain and height. Head and chest circumference. Mine was born premature, weight was 2640 Section: Age norms (norm of weight gain for a premature baby based on birth weight). normal weight gain of a premature baby...

Child's weight. Increased lactation. A child from birth to one year. So I’m thinking - isn’t it a little, how much has anyone’s baby gained in 1 month and how to generally calculate it - the increase from weight at birth or from weight at discharge>

I looked at the tables - your height, weight and head circumference fit into the “normal” parameters, but if your weight is absolutely average and your height is slightly closer to the upper limit of the norm, then your head volume is at the lower limit. It is understandable that doctors may be concerned.

Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase? Newborn and child up to one year: weight, height, head and chest circumference. The doctor first enters the same parameters into the newborn’s health history. Why are the numbers of a child’s height and weight so important for doctors and parents?

Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase? How much do your children weigh? The boy is almost 8 years old, 134, weight 28.5, heavyset, at the medical examination on Friday by an endocrinologist and pediatrician. With a height of 173, from 7th to 11th grade I weighed 50 kg. child's weight. Does anyone know the norm for how old a child is...

Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase? WHO has now changed its vision of how children should gain weight. Section: Age norms (child’s weight by month, who has what kind of children). We only reached 7 kg at 7 months. At 3 months she weighed almost 6 kilos.

Weight loss in a newborn. Norms for weight gain and height. Head and chest circumference. Is there a relationship between birth weight and monthly gains? My son was born on 4400/61 at three months old. He’s gaining a little bit. But now at 3 months he has parameters...

Weight loss in a newborn. Norms for weight gain and height. Head and chest circumference. My Anton was fat at two months (he was born large and Section: Age norms (the dangers of underweight in a baby). Light babies, according to my observations, develop faster.

Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase? It is necessary to take into account height and weight at birth, as well as the rate of increase in these indicators. Weight loss in a newborn. Norms for weight gain and height. Small or, conversely, large weight, ratio of head circumference to...

Child's height and weight: what is the correct increase? It is necessary to take into account height and weight at birth, as well as the rate of increase in these indicators: for example, a newborn with a height of 48 cm and a weight of 2900 g at 1 year can significantly lose weight in a newborn. Norms for weight gain and height.