Traitors betray themselves first of all, Plutarchs. Short aphorisms and quotes about betrayal and treason. Flying secret quotes about betrayal

Traitors betray themselves first of all. Plato

1 year ago

Traitors betray themselves first of all. Plato

Plato

For their disasters, people tend to blame fate, the gods and everything else, but not themselves.

For their disasters, people tend to blame fate, the gods and everything else, but not themselves.

For their disasters, people tend to blame fate, the gods and everything else, but not themselves.

Take care of yourself first of all - for yourself, then there will be a lot left for people.

Maksim Gorky

Take care of yourself first of all - for yourself, then there will be a lot left for people. Maksim Gorky

“Those who are smart enough to stay out of politics are punished by being ruled by people dumber than themselves.” Plato

Many, thinking that they could buy everything with their wealth, sold themselves first of all. Francis Bacon

Andre Maurois

The order of things is such that I myself create both clear weather and thunderstorms - first of all within myself, but also around me.

Andre Maurois

He makes you laugh and cry, moan and scream, but most of all he makes you feel alive. Anna Todd "After"

First of all, we must build a mirror factory. And in the coming year, give out mirrors, mirrors, nothing but mirrors, so that humanity can take a good look at themselves in them.

Ray Bradbury

Bernard Show

We live in an atmosphere of shame. We are ashamed of everything that is genuine about us: we are ashamed of ourselves, our relatives, our income, our pronunciation, our views, our life experiences, just as we are ashamed of our naked body.

Bernard Show

What makes people sociable is their inability to tolerate loneliness—that is, themselves.

Arthur Schopenhauer

Most often we wound others in the same place where we wounded ourselves.

Clarissa Pinkola Estes

For their disasters, people tend to blame fate, the gods, and everything else, but not themselves. © Plateau

The more we value things, the less we value ourselves. Bruce Lee

How much we do for friends that we would never do for ourselves. Marcus Tullius Cicero

Nobody can say anything about you. Whatever people say, they are talking about themselves.

Direction " Loyalty and betrayal" is included in the list of topics for the final essay for the 2017/18 academic year.
Below you will find examples and additional materials for development. themes of fidelity and betrayal in the final essay.

Essay on the topic: Loyalty and betrayal

Loyalty and betrayal represent two opposite extremes of the moral and ethical image of a person. If we consider it from a literary point of view, then “loyalty” and “betrayal” in most works clearly and accurately characterize the actions of the heroes. Whether it’s “Anna Karenina” by L. Tolstoy, “Eugene Onegin” or “The Captain’s Daughter” by Pushkin, the problems of fidelity and betrayal are acute and multifaceted everywhere.

If we turn to modern reality, then, on the one hand, noble behavior takes its basics from early childhood in a family atmosphere, on the other hand, human moral character is a full reflection of a person’s thinking and nature.

Of course, you should not forget about loyalty to your family, relatives, loved ones and close people. Our immediate environment accepts us for who we really are. This circle includes the closest people who will support us at any moment of our lives, and will spiritually share the joys and troubles that have happened. They will certainly give advice and share their personal experience. We must respect the people close to us and value them very much, as well as their presence in our lives.

Therefore, relatives, like no one else, deserve a faithful and devoted relationship. We must always support them and never betray them. As various literary sources say, even our ancestors sang in folk art the importance, strength and indivisibility of the family circle. Every person who has people nearby who love, appreciate and respect him is considered rich. It’s as if he grows wings from the support he receives and wants to conquer new heights.

Every person with adequate consciousness must necessarily possess the qualities that are inherent in fidelity. This concept decorates and significantly exalts the appearance of a person. It is also worth noting that all these feelings cannot be forcibly instilled. Boring notations and moral teachings are not helpful in this matter. The concept of “loyalty” is born in the very depths of the soul when every person is born. And his loyalty can be judged by his actions, his train of thoughts and, in general, by his chosen course of life, discarding all eloquent sayings. But, one should not consider fidelity as some kind of starting point in one’s life position. In fact, fidelity is a generous tribute to sincere and genuine love.

Only love can revive in the human soul endless respect and complete readiness for self-sacrifice. Your own thought contributes to the formation of individuality. Thanks to the fact that you have your own position, you can stand out significantly from the crowd and not succumb to public opinion. In this case, no one will be able to impose other people’s thoughts on us. This is why it is very important to be true to yourself.

After betrayal, you no longer want to trust anyone; a betrayed person begins to look for a catch in everything. It is worth focusing on the behavior of the traitor, how he behaves. Does it tell why everything happened this way? Does he ask for forgiveness? Everything happens in this life and no one is immune from mistakes. It may even be that due to life circumstances or under the influence of someone else’s opinion, we do not intentionally set up another person. The most important thing is to come to your senses in time, sincerely repent and ask for forgiveness. If it is really possible to find an excuse for what was done, then you can forgive the person, giving him another chance to fix everything and return to an honest and trusting relationship.

There is no need to isolate yourself, life goes on, so you need to move on. First of all, we are all human and must be patient with each other. Our life, therefore, is filled with all sorts of difficulties of a different nature, so we need to treat loving and beloved people with reverence and great respect.

In the context of this open movement, it would be appropriate to think about fidelity and betrayal as radically opposed manifestations of human nature. It is recommended to analyze the categories of betrayal and fidelity from a moral, ethical, philosophical, psychological point of view, as well as referring to everyday realities and works of literature.

The categories “loyalty” and “betrayal” occupy a key role in the plots of many works of different eras and characterize the thoughts and deeds of heroes in situations of moral choice, both in personal relationships and in the social aspect.

Topics and questions that can be considered within the framework of the direction "Loyalty and betrayal"

What does loyalty mean?
What does cheating lead to?
How do you think the concepts of fidelity and love are related?
How do you think loyalty and friendship are related?
Why is treason dangerous?
Confirm or refute the statement of W. Churchill: “The man who never changes his opinion is a fool.”
Is it possible to forgive betrayal?
What are the reasons for betrayal and betrayal?
When does the choice between loyalty and betrayal arise?
How do you understand the word “fidelity”?
Is it important to be true to your word? What pushes a person to cheat?
Do you agree with the statement: “A traitor and a coward are two birds of a feather?”
What qualities should a true friend have?
How do you understand Plutarch’s statement: “Traitors betray themselves first of all”?
How does betrayal affect relationships?
“Is it possible to run away from yourself by leaving your homeland?” Horace What is the worst betrayal?
Do you agree with the statement: “Trust is a sign of courage, and loyalty is a sign of strength”?
Do you agree with the statement “Whoever has never sworn allegiance will never break it”? (August Platen)
Can a noble heart be unfaithful?
Is it possible to deal with a person who cannot be trusted?
Confirm or refute the words of F. Schiller: “True love helps to endure all hardships”?
How do you understand the words: “To preserve love, you must not change, but change”? (K. Melikhan)
Do you agree with N. Chernyshevsky’s statement: “Betrayal of the Motherland requires extreme baseness of the soul”?
Is it possible to be a hero while fighting against the Motherland?
Can you call a dog your most faithful friend?
Why is cheating on a friend so much more painful than cheating on your loved one?
Do you agree with Lope de Vega’s saying “Betrayal on a friend is a crime without justification, without forgiveness”?
Is it possible to say that a friend’s loyalty is “the most precious thing that can be given to a person”? (E. Telman)
How do you understand V. Hugo’s statement: “Half friend is half traitor”?
How do you understand the meaning of the saying: “An unfaithful friend is like a shadow that follows you while the sun shines.”
Do you need to be true to yourself? Is L. Sukhorukov’s statement true: “He who is faithful only to himself is always unfaithful with others”?
Do you agree with the statement: “He who never changes his views loves himself more than the truth”? (Joseph Joubert)
Why do you think traitors betray themselves first of all?
How do you understand the statement: “To be authentic is to be true to yourself”? (Osho)
Do you agree with A.P.’s statement? Chekhov: “Loyalty is a quality that people have lost, but dogs have retained”?
Do you agree with the popular wisdom: “A faithful friend is better than a hundred servants”?
Is it true to say: “Whoever has felt affection for a faithful and intelligent dog does not need to explain with what ardent gratitude she pays for it”?
Can loyalty bring disappointment to a person?

More topics:
Patriotism is loyalty to the Motherland.
Is it possible to be faithful to others while remaining true to yourself?
Loyalty as the basis of honesty and honor.
Is treason a betrayal or loyalty to one’s interests?
Is forgiveness of betrayal an admission that the traitor was right, one’s own weakness or love?

Lecture 14 Patriotism and betrayal The meaning of life

Traitors betray, first of all, themselves. Plutarch

In the history of mankind there are enough examples of betrayal and people who committed similar actions. The most famous of them is Judas, who betrayed Jesus for thirty pieces of silver. The very name “Judas” became a household word and a synonym for betrayal. Before having a conversation on this topic, you need to have a clear idea of ​​what the Motherland is and what “betrayal” is.
Homeland - fatherland, fatherland, country in which a person was born - a territory historically belonging to a given people, with its nature, population, features of the historical development of language, culture, way of life and morals.
Betrayal is a violation of loyalty to someone or failure to fulfill a duty to someone. Betrayal is most often called leaving a friend in trouble and high treason. Often betrayal is also called adultery and apostasy - religious apostasy. Betrayal is universally condemned by most religions as a sin or violation of a taboo and is condemned by the moral laws of society. Betrayal may or may not pursue some kind of benefit.
Betrayal consists in the fact that a person internally - in his innermost thoughts, feelings, decisions, or externally - in words or deeds betrays his spiritual principle, without having any substantive grounds for this. Betrayal is always treason, and a traitor to the Motherland is always an enemy of the people, only an enemy squared, because the external enemy acts in the interests of his Motherland and his people, and a traitor, betraying the Motherland, betrays his people, his KIND, and, accordingly, himself, therefore no, and there can be nothing worse in the world than this. Traitors have always been despised by both friends and enemies, because there is nothing more disgusting than betrayal. Betrayal is not forgiven. The one who committed it is worthy of contempt.
A person who has committed betrayal, and betrayal is always an action, not thoughts, first of all destroys his Essence - the soul, which degrades. At the same time, the physical body is a kind of “suit” for the Essence, which, incarnating on Earth, gets the opportunity to develop or degrade. And the person himself chooses which path to follow - the right actions lead up the path of development, and the wrong ones down the path of degradation.
There are many reasons for betrayal, mainly the instinct of self-preservation: - fear of death and love of life. But the main motivation for betrayal is love and addiction to material wealth - money, things and comfort. Comfort will give birth to traitors. Selling one's own soul and homeland for thirty pieces of silver, an obvious deal with Satan for material benefits. There are no former traitors, especially for high-ranking traitors, because this category of traitors causes the greatest harm to their homeland, due to their high position in the hierarchy of power.
In the novel “Conspiracy of the Indifferent” by the writer Bruno Jasensky there are the words: “Do not be afraid of friends - they can only betray you; do not be afraid of enemies - they can only kill you; Be afraid of the indifferent, they do not betray or kill anyone, but only with their tacit consent are betrayals and murders committed.”
The concepts of Motherland, patriotism, family, and loyalty mean nothing to the indifferent. For the sake of momentary petty gain and their own skin, they are ready to kill and betray the most sacred things - family, relatives, friends and shrines. And justify one’s own indifference with a person’s right to live the way he wants. But betrayal is different from betrayal.
At the moment, in many, and practically all states, there are only two classes: - the class of officials who must be supported and the people - the taxpayer, who must support the officials. Officials, as well as rural residents, believe this: - what the sheep need - the shepherd must decide. If the shepherd falls asleep, the rams will go against the wind. The wind always blows from the field and carries smells more beautiful than the grass itself, because the dream is always more beautiful than reality. Therefore, when they come to the field, the rams will not stop, but will move on. Sooner or later the field will end, and the wind will subside. And the sheep will either fall into the abyss, or die of hunger while standing still, or they will be killed by wolves. Or - oh horror! - they will be “converted” and appropriated by a foreign shepherd if their “native shepherd” does not find them in time and quickly return them to the “legal field”. And therefore, officials are constantly “vigilant”, protecting their flock and their “shepherd’s” chair, and in order to manage the “variegated” people, indifferent to human troubles, they act according to the old proven method: - “Divide and conquer!”
Therefore, unfortunately, not only the population, but also the authorities of many countries around the world treat individual fellow citizens who differ from the majority with intolerance and prejudice. If you demand from officials what you are entitled to by law or are a representative of a different race, nationality, profess a religion or political views that are not traditional for your homeland, or openly express your non-traditional orientation, you may feel discomfort and not find protection for your honor and dignity from authorities and those in power. In most cases, this is expressed in harassment, both at the everyday level, and a significant defeat in civil rights. All this can cause a person to leave their country of residence and seek asylum in countries that have signed the UN Convention on the Rights of Refugees adopted in 1951. Countries, members of the UN that have signed the Convention, accept all applicants for asylum, up to the point of deciding whether to grant the request or deny them the opportunity to live on their territory, if the asylum seeker does not fall under the definition of “refugee”. For example, if he has a criminal record or problems with the criminal law.
The refugee problem is as old as the world. Slaves, serfs, and criminals fled, fleeing persecution and unbearable living conditions, wanting to get refuge, long-awaited freedom and a heavenly life in new lands. This was one of the ways to develop new lands and create new states. In the Middle Ages in Europe, the right of refuge in churches was almost universally recognized. However, it only applied to criminals.
Subsequently, the concept of political asylum appeared, which was used by dissidents and revolutionaries. In international law, the concept of refugees appears after the First World War: - in 1922, the League of Nations adopts the first agreement - supplemented by agreements in 1924, 1926 and 1928. on the status of Russian and Armenian refugees. For the first time, the rights of refugees were defined, they received a special type of travel document - the Nansen passport, named after the polar explorer and the first High Commissioner of the League of Nations for Refugees, Fridtjof Nansen. Subsequently, the agreements were extended to all refugees from Turkey and Nazi Germany.
The 1951 UN Convention clearly states that a refugee is a person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is not entitled to the protection of that country. country or is unwilling to avail itself of such protection due to such fears; or, being of no nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or unwilling to return to it owing to such fear.
People say: “Fish looks where it’s deep, but man looks where it’s good.” If a person cannot provide for himself and his family financially, he goes where life is better and easier. And such an outcome from the nightmare of economic unsettled life is understandable. One can also understand refugees fleeing the horrors of war - especially fratricidal - civil war.
The UN Convention on the Rights of Refugees has sparked a boom in the “refugee industry.” The peoples began to move. In pursuit of “easy bread and human rights,” people from underdeveloped countries fled to underdeveloped countries, from underdeveloped to developed, from developed to highly developed, etc. And all the poor fellows explain their actions by political persecution, racial and religious persecution and other “squeezing of human rights.” And no one says that people are chasing an easy life, which is never easy on someone else’s bread. The most advanced “fugitives” already in their native land acquire a “case” - a selection of documents with summonses to “come” to the State Security Service and “video materials” with heartbreaking recordings of policemen brutally “beating” them with batons at crowded rallies and taking away and destroying posters with political demands confirming their difficult relationship with the cursed and cruel government of their country.
Without education, without knowing the language, customs and decency of the new country of residence, people take any low-skilled job: - janitors, doormen, waiters and other “pick up and take away positions”. Such refugees for economic reasons are not traitors. They do not betray the shrine - they flee from the hopelessness of their miserable existence. And for this they are ready to deceive themselves - to admit that they are victims of political repression, suffering for their faith, racial differences, and are even ready to change their traditional sexual orientation in order to fall under the definition of “refugee” and receive status to live in a rich and prosperous country.
They betray only themselves, their souls, for while living in a foreign land, they continue to mentally live with the troubles and worries of their country, being in constant spiritual longing for the abandoned homeland, its natural beauties, gods and customs, left behind by relatives and friends with whom they were born and raised . And like true patriots, they are proud of their abandoned homeland, its heroes, history, culture, customs of their ancestors, native songs and dances, favorite national dishes and drinks, cheerful crowded feasts. And in their old age they go to their homeland to die in order to rest in their native land next to their ancestors, mystically believing that only there their souls will find true peace. Apparently all people instinctively feel the rule discovered in ancient times: “Whoever forgets the past is left without a future.”
Traitors are always “spiritual shepherds” - high-ranking officials and intelligence officers who “messed up in social life with madams,” or, having wasted public funds in their own country on their own needs, flee to another country from personal problems and criminal punishment. Or, as Peter the Great said: “Where does embezzlement appear, so that there will be an immediate inquisition and execution.”
Having no desire to work in the “service sector” of sweeping streets and mopping floors in hotels, and in order to bargain for a fattier piece and hot stew in a foreign land, they sell state secrets and betray their relatives and friends, employees and colleagues at work, justifying this by the fight against the hated regime that is oppressing his homeland. They bring great harm to their homeland. Such people are real traitors in the full sense of the word. People say: “If the Lord wants to punish a person, he takes away his mind.” Therefore, the basis of betrayal is stupidity - it is both a crime and a punishment.
There is never any confrontation between ordinary people and nations - they always live peacefully and kindly among themselves. Confrontation occurs between politicians and political elites due to mercantile material, “selfish” interests. Wars are started by politicians, because the principle of “first economics, then politics” has worked and will always work. They pit ordinary people against each other and lead to confrontation between states. Does anyone really think that an ordinary person will leave his hut, take a machine gun and go to war, to kill someone? Nothing like that! Politicians send them into the fire of fratricide for the sake of their selfish interests. For the sake of the well-being of the entire population of the country, such politicians must be stopped in a timely manner without howling about democracy and other “democratic procedures in the form of freedom of will to express one’s special position.”
Political confrontation between nations, peoples, states and, accordingly, war between them is the most vile and cruel stupidity that takes possession of people in almost all periods of human life. The true face of politicians was clearly demonstrated by one of the last world wars - the Second World War, which tormented humanity for five years. During it, the leader of the fascists proved to ordinary Germans: - civilized war is an absurd contradiction... be afraid of good deeds - try to be cruel, ruthless, predatory and merciless! Civilians should not be spared the horrors and scourge of war because... It is not the conqueror who causes war, but his victim! For war is an act of violence, the purpose of which is to force the enemy to fulfill our will. The aggressor would not want to draw his sword, but what to do if the victim does not voluntarily give up what the conqueror wants to have. Only the one who is not afraid to commit violence wins, and victory is all the more assured if the enemy avoids violence.

Historians who did not fight themselves write differently. In the silence of the offices there are no special emotions, except for one - to justify the winner - one's own, and on what grounds is it worth scolding the vanquished - someone else's. Justice gives way to the onslaught of “leavened” patriotism and the opportunity to earn money with a corrupt pen from devotion to the “master.”
As in every war, be it cold or hot, there are victims on both sides, there are tragedies, there are martyrs. Mercenaries who serve for pay are resold easily and cheaply, and often, like spies, become “doubles” and even “triples.” But patriots consciously go to any lengths for the sake of their patriotic convictions, for the sake of their great and incorruptible love for the Motherland. They are the greatest humanists.

An excursion into history. It is known from history: - a donkey loaded with gold will open any fortress gate, and a bribe will light the road in utter hell. From ancient times there is a parable about betrayal and traitors.
In ancient times, a bloody leader with his army approached the city and besieged it. The residents, knowing that there would be no mercy for them, closed the gates and, climbing the fortress walls, began to defend their hometown, and realizing that there was nowhere to wait for help, they decided to sell their lives at a higher price. The enemy was failing and was ready to lift the siege.
But two traitors were found - at night they made their way into the enemy’s camp and, being brought to the leader of the invaders, offered him their services: - for two bags of gold coins, open the gates and let the enemy into the city. The leader of the attackers was not a fool, he “blended” his interest well - he quickly calculated in his mind that in the city a loot awaiting him a thousand times greater than two bags of gold, and he would save the lives of his warriors to capture other cities with rich booty and agreed .
At the hottest moment of the siege, when the defenders selflessly fought on the fortress walls, the traitors improved the moment, opened the gates and let enemy soldiers into the city. The city fell - all the men were killed, women and children were sold into slavery, and the city was completely plundered and burned.
The leader kept his word - there were still many cities ahead that were waiting for his attack and understood that the rumor about his “generosity” flies faster than the horses of his warriors, and other traitors will know about his “honesty and decency” and will open the fortress gates for a “bribe” " The leader, in front of his entire army, counted out two bags of gold coins, put them in the khurjin, loaded the khurjin onto a donkey and put the bridle into the hands of the traitors.
Realizing that the two bags of gold that the gold-hungry eyes of the leader’s warriors saw were an enviable catch for immodest armed robbers, the traitors asked the leader to accept them into his army as warriors. The leader looked them straight in the eyes and said: “You were born, grew up and lived together with your fellow tribesmen. You were connected with them by kindred, friendly feelings, common Gods and customs. And you betrayed all this for two bags of gold. I am not sure of your devotion - neither the Gods, nor kinship, nor friendship bind you to me and my fellow tribesmen. You will betray me even faster than your fellow tribesmen. No one has ever loved or respected traitors, but their services are used. Go your own way. You have no place among my loyal warriors."
And the traitors were left alone with their gold. That same night, the robbers stopped the traitors and took away the gold and the khurjin and the donkey, “motivating” them that they did not need the gold - after all, they had no families, no children, no relatives, no friends who could benefit from it - everyone died. And they, the robbers, have families and gold will help them raise their children. The traitors began to object, but there was no one left who could come to their aid and they were left with nothing. It’s also good that the traitors remained alive and were able to tell and pass on to their descendants the story of their evil, treacherous fate. This is how all traitors to their people and their shrines end.
Traitors have no shrines, no relatives, no friends. They are outcasts, outcasts - they betray themselves. And although they improve their financial situation, they cannot calm down morally - those around them turn away from the traitors - people feel the inner rot of the traitors and their ability to be mean and betray at any time.
Traitors always like to look for justification for their betrayal in the current circumstances, in their ability to successfully “grab the firebird of luck by the tail” and try to persuade other people to the path of betrayal so as not to feel alone and justify themselves in the eyes of people that they are not the only ones “ changelings." But people instinctively sense the rottenness of their souls and try to stay away from them. And no difficult circumstances can justify committing betrayal. Even after living a long and happy life, traitors are always morally defective and have no peace. Sooner or later, even the children of traitors will grow up and reproach their parents for moral uncleanliness. Traitors are always looking for someone to betray in order to assuage their guilty conscience and justify their meanness. After all, even Judas Iscariot could not bear the burden of betrayal and hanged himself, thereby ending his inglorious, worthless life.
There are things you can do and there are things you should never do. When an enemy threatens your people and their shrines, you are obliged to defend your family and friends. Because then you are not defending some abstract things - the government and always corrupt rulers and officials. You protect your fellow tribesmen: - loved ones, relatives, friends and children who have not yet been born and shrines, without which there is no people. Heroes have always remained in the memory of the people. The names of traitors have always been forgotten, except for Judas Iscariot, who remained in the memory of people as a common noun. Heroes were deified and surrounded with care and attention during their lifetime. People name children, streets, cities after them, they erect statues, compose songs, and they continue to live in the hearts and deeds of peoples. Heroes who consciously sacrificed their lives to defend the ideals of freedom and the lives of their compatriots were especially revered.

A few examples of true patriotism.

Example 1. In the fall of 1776, the commander of the armed forces of the American rebels, General Washington, who directly supervised intelligence activities, received and personally instructed the young officer Nathan Haley, who was sent on a special mission to the city of New York, occupied by British troops. Under the guise of a traveling teacher, Haley penetrated the enemy's location and collected the necessary information. On the way back, he was detained and arrested; the notes found on him left no doubt about the purpose of his stay on Long Island. Haley rejected the offer to save his life at the cost of treason and was hanged. He became a US national hero. A monument to him was erected on the grounds of the Central Intelligence Agency headquarters.

Example 2. During the Second World War in August 1941, while trying to get out of encirclement, Soviet General Karbyshev was seriously shell-shocked in battle and unconsciously captured by the Nazis. He was held in the German concentration camps: Zamosc, Hammelburg, Flossenbürg, Majdanek, Auschwitz, Sachsenhausen and Mauthausen. I have repeatedly received offers to cooperate from the camp administration. He always answered with a firm refusal. Despite his age, he was one of the active leaders of the camp resistance movement. On the night of February 18, 1945, in the Mauthausen concentration camp (Austria), among about 500 other prisoners, after brutal torture, he was doused with water in the cold and died. The body of D. M. Karbyshev was burned in the ovens of Mauthausen. The image of General Karbyshev became a symbol of unbending will and perseverance.
From the memoirs of Canadian Army Major Seddon De-Saint-Clair, who miraculously survived: “As soon as we entered the camp, the Germans drove us into the shower room, ordered us to undress and launched jets of icy water on us from above. This went on for a long time. Everyone turned blue. Many fell to the floor and died immediately: their hearts could not stand it. Then we were ordered to put on only underwear and wooden stocks for our feet and were driven out into the yard. General Karbyshev stood in a group of Russian comrades not far from me. We realized that we were living our last hours. A couple of minutes later, the Gestapo men, standing behind us with fire hoses in their hands, began pouring streams of cold water on us. Those who tried to evade the stream were hit on the head with batons. Hundreds of people fell frozen or with their skulls crushed. I saw how General Karbyshev also fell.

Example 3. Terrorists hijacked and hijacked a plane with hostages: - children, women, old people. Having landed at the airport of another state, the terrorists demanded a ransom, put forward political demands, and if the demands were not met, they threatened to kill the hostages one by one.
There were brave patriots among the people - they armed themselves, boarded a plane and flew to an unknown path - to save their compatriots. Not knowing either the area or all the circumstances of keeping the hostages, they went to certain death. But this did not stop the brave men. In pitch darkness, they sat down at the airport, entered the building where the hostages were kept, killed the terrorists, loaded children, women, and old people onto the plane and took them out of captivity. Their compatriots greeted them as heroes, although the brave men did not think so - they simply fulfilled their duty to their people. And they believed that everyone in their place would have done the same. It’s just that this honorable mission went to them because they were best prepared for it. The joy of the liberation of compatriots was darkened by great grief - the terrorists managed to kill several hostages and the commander of the rescue squad died in battle. His name is Jonathan Netanyahu.
Upon arrival in their native country, the liberating soldiers did not go to their families - first of all, they went to the temple and asked God for forgiveness for not being able to save all their fellow tribesmen and not being able to protect the life of their Commander in battle. And they considered this their greatest sin before God.
The family of the deceased Commander - children and wife, were taken into their support by grateful fellow citizens, surrounded by care, and they did not need anything. Only their happiness was darkened by the fact that their beloved father and husband were not nearby. Fellow tribesmen must not forget their Heroes. And their loved ones, having lost their relatives, should not need anything, so that the children of heroes, growing up, know that while defending their people, their exploits will be remembered by grateful descendants. And they will know that the relatives and friends of the Heroes will not be forgotten, and will not drag out a miserable existence, forgotten and abandoned by everyone.
The commander was buried with military honors. And now children come to his grave and are told how the Commander gave his life for his homeland and his people. And children dream of growing up faster and being as proud and brave as the Commander.
The people who grew up on heroic examples are heroes themselves, and among them there are no traitors capable of betraying their shrines for thirty pieces of silver. Such a people will never die or disappear from the face of the earth.

Art Angelois

Reviews

An excellent and informative text, very modern. 70 years of Victory. Few people remember that one and a half million citizens of the USSR fought on the side of Hitler, that the army of Ukrainian policemen consisted of more than 50 thousand traitors to the people, that many traitors escaped retribution, that their descendants, these traitors, live among us, they are and they don’t want lustrations or the announcement of names, and they are defaming the truth. It is beneficial for them, Victory without defeats and without reproaches is beneficial. But this doesn’t happen. But gradually, the truth is revealed. they already know that Khatyn was burned by Ukrainians, that not only Chechens and Crimean Tatars were traitors, but also Russians in large numbers, that there were no traitors among the Jews, and they did not fight on the Tashkent front, that there were no fewer heroes among them than any people of the USSR.
Such thoughts arose from reading. Thank you.
Vladimir

There is never any confrontation between ordinary people and nations - they always live peacefully and kindly among themselves. Confrontation occurs between politicians and political elites due to mercantile material, “selfish” interests. Wars are started by politicians, because the principle of “first economics, then politics” has worked and will always work. They pit ordinary people against each other and lead to confrontation between states. Does anyone really think that an ordinary person will leave his hut, take a machine gun and go to war, to kill someone? Nothing like that! Politicians send them into the fire of fratricide for the sake of their selfish interests. For the sake of the well-being of the entire population of the country, such politicians must be stopped in a timely manner without howling about democracy and other “democratic procedures in the form of freedom of will to express one’s special position.” Sincerely - Art Angelois
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At the next feast, Deputy Chief of Police Sapychskaya
volost of the Pogarsky district of the Bryansk region Raskin Ivan said interesting
a toast that left the guests' jaws hanging:
“We know that the people hate us, that they are waiting for the Red Army to come
Army. So let's hurry up to live, drink, walk, enjoy life
today, because tomorrow they will rip our heads off anyway.”

Police officers were among the most despised types of collaborators
among the people, especially Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, and they had their own
causes…
The police, recruited from Soviet collaborators, amounted to almost
1/3 of all Soviet collaborators and accounted for one out of three
main categories. Another category is “volunteer helpers” (“hiwi”)
the overwhelming majority were silent workers, cooks,
grooms, auxiliary staff, freeing up German auxiliary
frontline staff. "Hiwis" escaped from prisoner of war concentration camps,
the bulk of them simply wanted to survive. The last category consisted of
collaborator-soldiers: so-called. "eastern troops", "eastern
legions", units "in the service of the SS troops", etc. These gentlemen, like
were liberated from starvation concentration camps and were recruited through voluntary
basis. The contribution of the collaborating soldiers was more significant than
"hiwi". Among them one could find “ideological” collaborators -
enemies of communism or, more often, the Russian (Slavic) nation.
Although the latter category was also involved in anti-partisan
shares, special hatred fell on
police collaborators, who were popularly called contemptuously
"policemen".

1) “ideological” opponents of the Soviet regime who seized on
the opportunity to take revenge for past grievances and exist under a new regime
much better. This also includes fascists who hate each other
(for example, Ukrainian fascists hated “Muscovites”), anti-Semites;
2) People indifferent to everything except their fate, who wanted to “stay
afloat" under the new government, life is good. Such people were often seduced
opportunity to rob;
3) Honest people who treat police work as before the war.
Some became police officers at first because they had no idea what kind of
she will play a sinister role for her compatriots.
4) Prisoners of war, eager to escape from the concentration camps and, thereby,
just survive;
5) Those who were forcibly mobilized into the police force under fear of ending up in a concentration camp
or those who “voluntarily” entered and thereby avoided being sent to
work in Germany;

It should be taken into account that there were few honest decent people in the police,
especially towards the middle of the war - the specifics of the work did not allow such luxury.
From the very beginning, the police helped the Germans identify and exterminate Jews,
then partisans and underground fighters and rob all this time. As the war progresses
the most honest people, not stained with blood, either ran to
partisans, or were brutalized.

The Germans went to create "policemen"
because nearby the Soviet troops of Bryansk were surrounded and defeated
front, and there were many encircled in the villages. Collaborators must
were to catch them. With the growth of the partisan movement, militia units
had to expand. The forced mobilization of men began
aged from 18 to 50 years under the threat of execution of the entire family. It was taken
700 people, but they did not share the ideas of the “new order”, like the first
real volunteers. Therefore, the percentage of desertion in the “people's militia”
Kaminsky was high, but morale was low.
Kaminsky’s “people’s militia” units fought against their people.
In the spring of 1942, together with Hungarian units in the village of Pavlovichi, they
60 people were shot and 40 people were burned alive. April 11th were
The villages of Ugrevishche were burned, about 100 people were shot. In Sevsky
area, the villages of Svyatovo (180 houses) and Borisovo (150
houses), the village of Berestok (170 houses, 171 people killed).

- He was not ashamed to look into his eyes
to his fellow villagers, friends and acquaintances, since he believed that if
If he had not taken this bread-and-butter position, then any of them would have taken it. All
repentance will come to him later, but for now the regime’s servant is proud of his
position. But what is it? Suddenly, in the winter of 1942/43, rumors began to circulate that our
The troops approached the city of Velikiye Luki. On a dark night in the east you can see
flashes and glow of fires! Really? And now the policeman begins to penetrate into the soul
fear for your own life creeps in. What will happen if you return
Adviсe? To prevent this, we need to help even more zealously
to the occupiers"

The Soviet side noted that for greater efficiency
the Germans are trying to use to exterminate people of the same nationality
units of collaborators of other nationalities. Effective
the results were obtained from experiments using Baltic collaborators
against the Slavs. But the use of Russians against Belarusians did not justify
myself…

• Betrayal of the Motherland is shameful and knows no forgiveness
• A traitor is a cowardly person who adapts to the current situation by making concessions
• A man who abandoned an innocent girl who loves him madly can be called a traitor
• You can betray not a person, but your own beliefs and moral principles
• Betrayal of one's country is a serious crime
• A man who betrays himself cannot be happy

Arguments

A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. Alexey Shvabrin, one of the defenders of the Belogorsk fortress, turns out to be a coward and a traitor. At the first opportunity, he goes over to the side of the impostor Pugachev in order to save his life. Shvabrin is ready to kill those whom until recently he could consider friends and allies. Completely opposite to him is Pyotr Grinev, a man of honor with unshakable moral principles. Even under the threat of death, he does not agree to recognize Pugachev as the sovereign, because he is loyal to the Motherland and military duty. Difficult life circumstances allow us to see the main character traits of the heroes: Shvabrin turns out to be a traitor, and Pyotr Grinev remains loyal to his country.

N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”. The love of Taras Bulba and other Cossacks for their native land deserves respect. Warriors are ready to give their lives defending their homeland. Betrayal in the ranks of the Cossacks is unacceptable. Andriy, the youngest son of Taras Bulba, turns out to be a traitor: he goes over to the side of the enemy, because his love for a Polish woman is higher than his love for his father and his native country. Taras Bulba kills Andriy, despite the fact that this is still his son. For Taras, loyalty to the Motherland is much more important than love for his son; he cannot survive and forgive betrayal.

N.M. Karamzin “Poor Liza”. Love for Erast becomes tragic for Lisa. At first, the young man sees his future in Lisa, but after the girl gives herself to him, her feelings begin to cool. Erast loses money at cards. He has no choice but to marry a rich widow. Erast betrays Lisa: he tells her that he is going to war. And when the deception is revealed, he tries to pay off the unfortunate girl with money. Lisa cannot stand Erast's betrayal. She thinks she is better off dead and throws herself into the pond. The traitor will face punishment: he will forever reproach himself for Lisa’s death.

M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man.” The traitor Kryzhnev, in order to save his own life, is ready to hand over his colleagues to the Germans. He says that “his shirt is closer to his body,” which means he can sacrifice the lives of others for the sake of his well-being. Andrei Sokolov decides to strangle the traitor and thereby save several lives. The hero fulfills his military duty without feeling shame or pity, because the traitor Kryzhnev deserves such a shameful death. Betrayal is always unacceptable, but during war it is a terrible crime.

George Orwell "Animal Farm". Fighter Horse worked for the good of the Animal Farm with all his might, promising to “work even harder” with each failure. His contribution to the life of the farm cannot be overestimated. However, when the misfortune happened, Napoleon, the head of the Animal Farm, simply decided to turn him into meat, telling all the animals that he was sending the Fighter for treatment. This is a real betrayal: Napoleon turned his back on the one who was so devoted to him, who did everything for Animal Farm.

George Orwell "1984". Julia and Winston understand that they are thought criminals, which means they can be caught at any time. Winston says that if they are discovered, the betrayal will be a loss of feelings, and not a confession of what they have done. As a result, they are caught, but not killed or tried, but forced to learn to think differently. Winston betrays Julia: when a cage with rats is brought to him, where they want to place his face, the hero asks to give Julia to the rats. This is real betrayal, because if a person says something, he wants it. Winston really wanted Julia to be in his place. She later admits that she also betrayed Winston. It is difficult to judge the heroes, because it is impossible to imagine what they had to endure before they committed betrayal.

Transcript of recording:

- Now a very interesting time is coming for the A Just Russia party, a time of purity and fresh wind, because, as you said, those who should have left a long time ago are finally leaving, in particular Babakov. Today all the newspapers are analyzing his departure, also in, let’s say, a strange style, to the Popular Front. And I know that another deputy, from whom, in general, this was not expected, is also leaving you. Tell us about it.

Here we need to be honest. No matter what anyone says, you need to be aware: the only real opposition party that today opposes and poses a real threat to “United Russia” is the “A Just Russia” party. United Russia communists love, groom and cherish Mr. Zyuganov and Zhirinovsky: look how much they appear on television. Where did you see your humble servant?.. It’s good that KM.RU provides such an opportunity. Taboo, blacklist, stop list: Mironov should not be allowed on television, members of our party - the same thing. Afraid. They are afraid most of all, because they know that we have a clear position, we have an ideology, we are social democrats, we do not accept the new conservatism of United Russia, which consists of leaving ourselves in power, behind a screen." Popular Front,” whatever it takes to stay in power.

The monopoly of one party, United Russia, which is destructive for Russia, has already led to catastrophic consequences for the lives and health of people, for our prosperity, and they want to continue. Therefore, when we oppose, we offer: we have a clear program, bills, proposals on the entire range of issues, from taxation to social protection, from foreign policy to education. Health care, science, culture, local government, problems of the disabled, large families - we have everything clearly structured. United Russia knows this, and they do not have such intellectual potential. Moreover, very often our thoughts and ideas are taken, stolen and tried to be put forward as their own. Therefore, today there is a fierce attack on our party. They knocked out Babakov, and frankly speaking, it was not a big loss. He had long been a “cut off piece” because he never took any active part in the party. When Babakov was given airtime, for example, on Vesti-24, this had to be managed: the vice-speaker from our party, the first deputy chairman of the Chamber of Deputies, could speak for an hour without ever mentioning the phrase “A Just Russia Party”! About anything. Some deputy, vice-speaker, is speaking, but it is not clear that he represents our party either from his speech, or, moreover, from his content and ideological orientation.

I need to double-check, but this morning I already read that Elena Andreevna Vtorygina, the head of the regional branch of the Arkhangelsk region, was enrolled in the “People's Front”. She, however, says that she will not join United Russia. Dear Lena, having said “a”, you will have to say “be”! You will be in “United Russia” and sing to someone else’s tune; You can’t get away from this, because betrayal is betrayal. As much as it pains me to say this, she was simply broken here. A person who has recently devoted herself entirely to the fight against, to put it mildly, the anti-people governor of the Arkhangelsk region, is forced, she is now being forced to speak... She, it turns out, is outraged that the A Just Russia party is fighting with the United Russia governors. This is how you need to break and humiliate a person so that she just takes and... At least that’s what’s printed, maybe she didn’t say such words, and now she’ll be running around there and... She called me, I talked to her. I told her verbatim: Lena, let me not be disappointed in humanity at all, because if you are broken, then, of course, it will really be very unpleasant. I have always said that the regional branch in the Arkhangelsk region is one of the strongest. Elena Andreevna Vtorygina enjoys very great, well-deserved authority. Unfortunately, no matter what she says: if she really made such a decision and ends up in the Popular Front, I say again, she can’t escape, she will be in United Russia, and this means the end of her entire political career , throughout her entire destiny, because it’s easy to break and easy to give in to. I told her: “Lena, think,” because to take such a step... So she was inflamed with love for Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin: you can burn with love as you like, but you don’t have to betray your comrades, you don’t have to leave the business that you serve honestly . And if so, then her example shows how the gentlemen from United Russia break people and humiliate human dignity. Unfortunately, I know that such attempts and such negotiations are now being conducted with many members of our party, but here, as they say in such cases, there is a silver lining. The most persistent, strong, principled and uncompromising will remain, and we will go to the end until we break the monopoly of United Russia.

The future belongs to our party, and this is exactly how United Russia fights with us fiercely today and uses such unacceptable methods, because they feel that (if you want, I may say it in a simplified and rude way) we, our party “Fair” Russia,” are the gravediggers of United Russia and the monopoly of this party. Let it remain, rename it whatever you like - monopoly cannot be eternal! Because monopolism first means stagnation, and then there will be something that in a few weeks we will remember as the 20th anniversary of the State Emergency Committee. When the Soviet Union collapsed, no one could have imagined that in three days this colossus with feet of clay would collapse. Unfortunately, I would not like us to have the same collapses as in North Africa, but if we leave the monopoly of the party, it is inevitable, because it is impossible to squeeze the people and screw them indefinitely. It will explode so hard that mother, don’t worry, and they won’t look at who you are, “United Russia” or what, they will sweep away everyone. And who will come is a big question. Therefore, we are talking about very serious things, about what is happening today in our country, and about some kind of moral example, when people are pressured, broken, lured with tricks, some kind of grievances are made: “here, you are not valued, you are there they offend you, and we you...”... But we know how, strictly speaking, the people themselves, who provoke betrayal, then act with traitors (and we must call things by their proper names).

- Traitors have never risen.

- Certainly. It's a pity. And I want to say again that such attempts are and will be made. You know how it happens in life: I won’t hide it, there was a situation with Elena Andreevna when I didn’t expect it from someone, but from her. But the most amazing thing is that when sometimes you think that this one seems to be weaker, but he stands firm (like Panteleev, he gave his word of honor and stands, and until his guard comes, replaces him, does not turn away), and I am proud that There are such comrades of mine, and there are many of them, they are the majority. But I think and do not exclude that there will be some more losses, because a massive attack is underway. If people come and talk, they tempt you with money (and very large ones), positions, whatever (what they will do or not is another matter, this is already beyond the brackets). They scare someone: if someone has a business, they scare them with a criminal case, they scare them with troubles with their relatives, that is, they twist their arms in a black way. A whole conveyor belt is working, and it’s sad that this conveyor belt is also located in the presidential administration, because Vtorygina was called to Old Square, she was processed there. This is handled by the internal policy department of the presidential administration. On the one hand, we are talking about a real multi-party system, about democracy, about competition, but what is actually happening? Because for the sake of this supposedly triumphant march of the “Popular Front” they do things like this. Therefore, it is sad, but politics is not an easy thing, and you must always be able to accept any blows of fate. If you are confident in your cause, if you know what the party is for, why we chose such an ideology, then you need to go to the end, without doubt.

Transcript of recording:

Now a very interesting time is coming for the A Just Russia party, a time of purity and fresh wind, because, as you said, those who should have left a long time ago are finally leaving, in particular Babakov. Today all the newspapers are analyzing his departure, also in, let’s say, a strange style, to the Popular Front. And I know that another deputy, from whom, in general, this was not expected, is also leaving you. Tell us about it.

Here we need to be honest. No matter what anyone says, you need to be aware: the only real opposition party that today opposes and poses a real threat to United Russia is the A Just Russia party. United Russia communists love, groom and cherish Mr. Zyuganov and Zhirinovsky: look how much they appear on television. Where did you see your humble servant?.. It’s good that KM.RU provides such an opportunity. Taboo, blacklist, stop list: Mironov should not be allowed on television, members of our party - the same. Afraid. They are afraid most of all, because they know that we have a clear position, we have an ideology, we are social democrats, we do not accept the new conservatism of United Russia, which consists in leaving ourselves in power, behind a screen “ Popular Front,” whatever it takes to stay in power.

The monopoly of one party, United Russia, which is destructive for Russia, has already led to catastrophic consequences for the lives and health of people, for our prosperity, and they want to continue. Therefore, when we oppose, we offer: we have a clear program, bills, proposals on the entire range of issues, from taxation to social protection, from foreign policy to education. Health care, science, culture, local government, problems of the disabled, large families - we have everything clearly structured. United Russia knows this, and they do not have such intellectual potential. Moreover, very often our thoughts and ideas are taken, stolen and tried to be put forward as their own. Therefore, today there is a fierce attack on our party. They knocked out Babakov, and frankly speaking, it was not a big loss. He had long been a “cut off piece” because he never took any active part in the party. When Babakov was given airtime, for example, on Vesti-24, this had to be managed: the vice-speaker from our party, the first deputy chairman of the Chamber of Deputies, could speak for an hour without ever mentioning the phrase “A Just Russia Party”! About anything. Some deputy, vice-speaker, is speaking, but it is not clear that he represents our party either from his speech, or, moreover, from his content and ideological orientation.

I need to double-check, but this morning I already read that Elena Andreevna Vtorygina, the head of the regional branch of the Arkhangelsk region, was enrolled in the “People's Front”. She, however, says that she will not join United Russia. Dear Lena, having said “a”, you will have to say “be”! You will be in “United Russia” and sing to someone else’s tune; You can’t get away from this, because betrayal is betrayal. As much as it pains me to say this, she was simply broken here. A person who has recently devoted herself entirely to the fight against, to put it mildly, the anti-people governor of the Arkhangelsk region, is forced, she is now being forced to speak... She, it turns out, is outraged that the A Just Russia party is fighting with the United Russia governors. This is how you need to break and humiliate a person so that she just takes it and... At least that’s what’s printed, maybe she didn’t say such words, and now she’ll be running around there and... She called me, I talked to her. I told her verbatim: Lena, let me not be disappointed in humanity at all, because if you are broken, then, of course, it will really be very unpleasant. I have always said that the regional branch in the Arkhangelsk region is one of the strongest. Elena Andreevna Vtorygina enjoys very great, well-deserved authority. Unfortunately, no matter what she says: if she really made such a decision and ends up in the Popular Front, I say again, she can’t escape, she will be in United Russia, and this means the end of her entire political career , throughout her entire destiny, because it’s easy to break and easy to give in to. I told her: “Lena, think,” because to take such a step... So she was inflamed with love for Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin: you can burn with love as you like, but you don’t have to betray your comrades, you don’t have to leave the business that you serve honestly. And if so, then her example shows how the gentlemen from United Russia break people and humiliate human dignity. Unfortunately, I know that such attempts and such negotiations are now being conducted with many members of our party, but here, as they say in such cases, there is a silver lining. The most persistent, strong, principled and uncompromising will remain, and we will go to the end until we break the monopoly of United Russia.

The future belongs to our party, and this is exactly how United Russia fights with us fiercely today and uses such unacceptable methods, because they feel that (if you want, I may say it in a simplified and rude way) we, our party “Fair” Russia,” are the gravediggers of United Russia and the monopoly of this party. Let it remain, rename it whatever you like - monopoly cannot be eternal! Because monopolism first means stagnation, and then there will be something that in a few weeks we will remember as the 20th anniversary of the State Emergency Committee. When the Soviet Union collapsed, no one could have imagined that in three days this colossus with feet of clay would collapse. Unfortunately, I would not like us to have the same collapses as in North Africa, but if we leave the monopoly of the party, it is inevitable, because it is impossible to squeeze the people and screw them indefinitely. It will explode so hard that mother, don’t worry, and they won’t look at who you are, “United Russia” or what, they will sweep away everyone. And who will come is a big question. Therefore, we are talking about very serious things, about what is happening today in our country, and about some kind of moral example, when people are pressured, broken, lured with tricks, some kind of grievances are made: “here, you are not valued, you are there they offend you, and we you..."... But we know how, strictly speaking, the people themselves, who provoke betrayal, then act with traitors (and we must call a spade a spade).

- Traitors have never risen.

Certainly. It's a pity. And I want to say again that such attempts are and will be made. You know how it happens in life: I won’t hide it, there was a situation with Elena Andreevna when I didn’t expect it from someone, but from her. But the most amazing thing is that when sometimes you think that this one seems to be weaker, but he stands firm (like Panteleev, he gave his word of honor and stands, and until his guard comes, replaces him, does not turn away), and I am proud that There are such comrades of mine, and there are many of them, they are the majority. But I think and do not exclude that there will be some more losses, because a massive attack is underway. If people come and talk, they tempt you with money (and very large ones), positions, whatever (what they will do or not is another matter, this is already beyond the brackets). They scare someone: if someone has a business, they scare them with a criminal case, they scare them with troubles with their relatives, that is, they twist their arms in a black way. A whole conveyor belt is working, and it’s sad that this conveyor belt is also located in the presidential administration, because Vtorygina was called to Old Square, she was processed there. This is handled by the internal policy department of the presidential administration. On the one hand, we are talking about a real multi-party system, about democracy, about competition, but what is actually happening? Because for the sake of this supposedly triumphant march of the “Popular Front” they do things like this. Therefore, it is sad, but politics is not an easy thing, and you must always be able to accept any blows of fate. If you are confident in your cause, if you know what the party is for, why we chose such an ideology, then you need to go to the end, without doubt.

Everyone knows that betrayal is a betrayal of one’s feelings or a failure to fulfill a duty to someone. Thousands of books have been written about this and hundreds of films have been made, and people have been thinking about it from generation to generation. But the main questions remain: how does a person who has committed treason think? Does he consider himself guilty? Answers to these questions can be found in many works of Russian literature.

One of these works is the novel by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy “Anna Karenina”. This novel surprises readers with its storyline, little details, and symbolism. It describes the family life of the Oblonskys, Karenins, Shcherbatskys and many others. The title character is not happy in her marriage, love for her husband, Alexei Alexandrovich, can be called domestic, their passion has long faded away. On the train, Anna meets a young officer Alexei Vronsky, who subsequently shows signs of attention to Anna Arkadyevna.

She truly falls in love with a man, wants to divorce her husband and legitimize her relationship with her lover. The lovers, having not achieved a divorce, still live together. But Anna cannot calm down her feeling of guilt for what she has done; she tries to earn her husband’s forgiveness, but cannot forgive herself. She sees the only salvation from mental torment in her own death.

Unfortunately, the betrayed person does not always feel wrong. This happens in Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don”. Aksinya Astakhova, one of the heroines of the work, a young woman, the wife of Stepan Astakhov, lives the ordinary life of a rural woman. Her marriage cannot be considered happy: she was married off at the age of eighteen due to a terrible incident involving her father. Are you enrolling in 2019? Our team will help you save your time and nerves: we will select directions and universities (according to your preferences and expert recommendations); we will fill out applications (all you have to do is sign); we will submit applications to Russian universities (online, by e-mail, by courier); we will monitor competition lists ( we will automate the tracking and analysis of your positions); we will tell you when and where to submit the original (we will evaluate the chances and determine the best option). Entrust the routine to professionals - more details.

The spouses did not have real feelings for each other; they lived together only out of decency. Perhaps this is why Aksinya succumbs to the caresses of Grigory Melekhov. They begin an affair, and after a while the woman finds out that she is expecting a child from him. They are forced to leave their homestead to live together and raise their daughter. Aksinya betrayed her husband, but did not feel guilty for a second - does this mean that she betrayed herself? Of course, because betrayal in any of its manifestations has no justification.

The conclusion involuntarily suggests itself that the traitor first of all betrays himself: his principles, feelings, promises. And it depends only on himself whether he will experience pangs of conscience...

Useful material

3. “Goals and means” The concepts of this direction are interconnected


allow you to think about a person’s life aspirations, the importance of meaningful goal setting, the ability to correctly correlate the goal and the means of achieving it, as well as the ethical assessment of a person’s actions. Many literary works feature characters who deliberately or mistakenly choose unsuitable means to realize their plans. And it often turns out that a good goal only serves as a cover for true (base) plans. Such characters are contrasted with heroes for whom the means of achieving a high goal are inseparable from the requirements of morality.

4. "Courage and Cowardice" This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human “I”: readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to avoid resolving difficult, sometimes extreme life situations. The pages of many literary works present both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.

5. “Man and Society” For topics in this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the individual, but the individual can also influence society. Topics will allow you to consider the problem of the individual and society from different sides: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization.

Choosing an essay topic

*Determine which topic seems most specific and understandable to you.

*Think about which of the relevant works of fiction you know best, since without knowing the text, you will not be able to reveal the topic at all.

*Remember which of the proposed topics are you familiar with critical literature, interesting interpretations of the text, and modern literary approaches.

Write the final version of the work

Re-read what you wrote.

Make the necessary corrections to the construction, as well as to the speech format of the text

Write a black version of the work

Think over the composition of your work.

Write an essay plan

Select a work(s) that you can use to prove your point of view.

Formulate your point of view (thesis) on this issue Identify the problem or question that is contained in the topic of the essay

Compositional and logical structure of the essay Compositional structure Logical structure Introduction Beginning. Preparing to perceive the main ideas of the work

Main part

Thesis 1 Evidence, examples Micro-conclusion

Thesis 2 Evidence, examples Micro-conclusion Thesis 3 Evidence, examples Micro-output (…)

Conclusion Conclusion. Summary of the entire topic

List of literature for the direction "Courage and Cowardice"

List of literature for the direction "Loyalty and betrayal"

1. A. N. Ostrovsky. "Storm". 2. L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace". 3. F. M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment". 4. A. I. Kuprin. “Garnet bracelet” 5.M. Bulgakov. “The Master and Margarita” 6. M. Sholokhov. “Quiet Don” 7. A. S. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin". "Captain's daughter"

List of literature for the direction "Indifference and Responsiveness"

1. L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace". 2. F. I. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment". 3.I. Bunin. “Mr. from San Francisco” 4. M. A. Bulgakov. “Notes of a young doctor” 5. V. Astafiev. “Lyudochka” 6. Solzhenitsyn “Matrenin’s Dvor” 7. A.P. Chekhov. "Gooseberry" 8. c. Shukshin “Weird” 9. K. Paustovsky. “Telegram” 10. F. Abramov “Pelageya”. "Alka"

1. L. N. Tolstoy. “War and Peace” 2. A. I. Solzhenitsyn. "GULAG Archipelago". “In the first circle” 3. M. Sholokhov. "The Fate of Man." “Quiet Don” 4. M. Yu. Lermontov. “Hero of our time” 5. A. S. Griboedov. “Woe from Wit” 6. A. S. Pushkin. “The Captain's Daughter” 7. V. Shukshin. “Boots” 8. F. M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment"

List of literature for the direction "Goals and means"

1. L. N. Tolstoy. “War and Peace” 2. A. I. Solzhenitsyn. "GULAG Archipelago". “In the first circle” 3. M. Sholokhov. "The Fate of Man." “Quiet Don” 4. M. Yu. Lermontov. “Hero of our time” 5. A. S. Griboedov. “Woe from Wit” 6. A. S. Pushkin. “The Captain's Daughter” 7. V. Shukshin. “Boots” 8. F. M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment"

Analysis in all directions. work by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
see link Direction "Indifference and Responsiveness"
Video. see link
Video lesson. Kuprin. Wonderful doctor. See link
Let’s analyze together V. Zheleznikov’s story “Scarecrow”.

Let's see together what events in the story will help us write the final essay.

"Loyalty and Treason".
How is betrayal shown in the story? Who or what is Dimka Somov betraying?
In what actions does old Bessoltsev’s loyalty to his home, his family, his business manifest itself?

"Indifference and responsiveness."
Why are people like Iron Button dangerous in a team?
Why was Margarita Ivanovna indifferent to the events taking place in the classroom?
How is the concept of “mercy” revealed in the story?
Why is Nikolai Nikolaevich confident that his granddaughter will be able to live her life with dignity?

"Goals and Means".
Lena Bessoltseva’s class sets itself noble goals at least twice:
1) save money for a trip to Moscow,
2) punish the traitor.
By what means are these goals achieved? In what cases does the author agree with the guys, and in what cases does he condemn them?

"Courage and Cowardice."
Is Dimka Somov a brave or cowardly person? In what situations is his courage shown, and in what situations is his cowardice shown?

"Human and society".
At the beginning of Chapter 6, the author writes about the guys as a fairly friendly team. And so they make a terrible, terrible mistake: they boycott Lena, poison her. Is this natural or random?

To help the student. Direction "Loyalty and betrayal"

Dictionary

APHORISMS

SAMPLE ESSAY TOPICS in the direction of “Loyalty and betrayal”

1. I want to continue to live in a world where fidelity still exists, and vows of love are made forever... (Paulo Coelho). Is this possible?

2. Do you agree with Plutarch’s opinion that traitors betray themselves first of all?

3. Only the devotion of friends is the treasure of rulers, It is more beautiful than all the riches of the world. (Pierre de Ronsard)

4. Can inconstancy be justified? Or is it, in the words of Margaret of Navarre, always worthy of condemnation?

5. Infidelity is forgiven, but not forgotten. (Marie Madeleine de Lafayette)

LITERATURE TO HELP

An example of a final essay 2018 on literature in the 11th grade: “Is it possible to forgive betrayal”?

It is difficult to meet a person who does not know what betrayal is. Betrayal, its middle name, appears in works of fiction and in documentaries and, alas, occurs in real life. Treason has many forms: betrayal of a loved one, oneself, a friend, a duty... But whatever guise it takes, the question arises: how to treat someone who has violated fidelity? Is it possible to forgive betrayal or not?

It seems to me that a definite answer cannot be given. It all depends on the motive and consequences of the act. Consider, for example, betrayal in A.P.’s story. Platonov "Return". Alexey Ivanov, returning from the war, is not ready to become a husband and father again after the hardships of life at the front. Having met the girl Masha, he stays in her city for two days. When a man comes to his wife and children, he finds out that his wife was intimate with someone else in his absence. The main character is going to go to Masha and start a new life, but when he sees his children running after the train, he changes his mind. Why was he able to forgive his wife's betrayal? Ivanov realized his duty to Lyubov Vasilievna and the children. Most likely, Alexey remembered his wife’s words that in a moment of weakness her soul was dying, dying from backbreaking labor and responsibility for their children.

Let's remember another example of betrayal. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of Man" soldier Kryzhnev is going to hand over his platoon commander to the Nazis. The traitor, in order to save his life, wanted to betray his military duty. Could this betrayal be forgiven? No, because it would lead to the death of a colleague and possibly other people. Alexey Sokolov, the main character of the work, kills the traitor to save his comrade.

Cheating is always a betrayal, because it is always based on deception, which turns into someone’s mental pain. Should you forgive betrayal? The answer to this question, in my opinion, can only be given by those who suffered from it.

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Direction "MAN AND SOCIETY"













Direction "COURAGE AND COWARDNESS"

Example of a final essay 2017-2018: “How to distinguish cowardice from prudence, and courage from recklessness?” [Courage and Cowardice]

How often do we think about the true meaning of words? It would seem that what could be simpler than to explain the concepts of “courage” and “cowardice”? Anyone who is able to risk his life is, of course, a daredevil, not a timid fellow. And if a person retreats in case of danger, he is most likely fearful and cowardly...

But is it really that simple? Is it courage or stupidity that drives those who ride on the roofs of speeding trains in search of strong emotions? Should we see indecisiveness or prudence in the actions of a doctor who sends a patient for examination before surgery? It seems to me that courage and cowardice are qualities that can only be defined in the light of the ultimate goal of an action.

Literature has given us many heroes, whose courage or cowardice is interesting to speculate about. Let's look at the characters in A.S. Pushkin's wonderful novel The Captain's Daughter. It is difficult to argue with the fact that Shvabrin, who saves his miserable life by betrayal, is a coward. The courage of Pyotr Grinev, who is ready to give his life for what is dear to him, is also understandable.

And Masha Mironova? Is she a “coward”, as her mother calls her? Or is she a sensible girl, as her lover thinks she is? To answer this question, you need to read the work to the end. We remember that the timidity of the captain's daughter disappears when Peter faces the death penalty: Masha boldly goes to the empress herself for mercy.

You can also refer to the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Let us remember the cold-blooded and cruel Dolokhov, capable of challenging a person to a duel for no reason. Fedor risks his life, but the purpose of this risk is self-affirmation, not self-sacrifice. In my opinion, this is not courage, but the reckless pranks of an egoist who thinks nothing of killing a person.

What can be said about Kutuzov’s decision to retreat the Russian army? Can this be called cowardice? No, the great commander showed wisdom and prudence by giving the French devastated Moscow. While Napoleon's soldiers turned into marauders, the Russian troops replenished supplies and became stronger, which decided the outcome of the war.

Example of the final essay 2018: “Do you agree with A.P. Chekhov’s thought that “...indifference is paralysis of the soul, premature death”?

How often do we hear: “Don’t be indifferent, don’t ignore someone else’s misfortune”? We are so accustomed to these words that their meaning has faded somewhat and has become another hackneyed truth that everyone knows, but few fully understand. Modern man is accustomed to indifference to everything that is outside the circle of his usual concerns. However, why only modern ones, if philosophers and writers of the past thought about the problem of indifference? Thus, the famous quote from Chekhov appeared at the end of the 19th century.

More than a century later, the words of the classic are still relevant. Yes, indifference is, of course, paralysis of the soul. A man indifferent to others died while alive. Let us remember, for example, Pechorin from the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". Grigory Alexandrovich is a cold and calculating person who does not care about the suffering of the people around him. He is not interested in the fate of the unfortunate Bela: as soon as Pechorin achieves the love of a proud Circassian woman, the hero loses interest in her and the girl dies. As the story progresses, we learn about tragedies caused by the indifferent egoist Pechorin: the death of Grushnitsky, the deception of Princess Mary, the torment of his beloved Vera... But Grigory Alexandrovich himself understands that he is a “moral cripple”, so he does not value his life. We can say that the indifference of Lermontov’s hero is truly a paralysis of the soul, which led to premature death, first metaphorical, as a friend and lover, and then to the actual one, when Pechorin deliberately leaves for Persia, where he is destined to die.

Let us also turn to the story by N.V. Gogol's "The Overcoat", the hero of which also faces the "paralysis of the soul" of those around him. The quiet and good-natured Akaki Akakievich, denying himself everything, finally became the owner of the long-awaited new overcoat. When the robbers stripped Bashmachkin of his new clothes, the unresponsive official seeks protection and help from a significant person. But the general “scolds” the unfortunate man and drives him away, “after which Petersburg was left without Akaki Akakievich, as if he had never been there.” The death of a poor lonely official is another sad consequence of human indifference.

Yes, we all understand that you cannot help everyone who needs help. And yet, maybe we should start to heal from “paralysis of the soul” and try not to pass by someone else’s misfortune?